{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1974059143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888900006159","title":"The qualitative representation of physical systems","display_name":"The qualitative representation of physical systems","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1974059143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888900006159","mag":"1974059143"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0269888900006159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888900006159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088581420","display_name":"Enrico Coiera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6444-6584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156325","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05g4mtv59","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837","https://openalex.org/I4210156325"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Coiera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Filton Rd., Stoke Gifford, Bristol BS12 6QZ, UK","Hewlett Packard"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Filton Rd., Stoke Gifford, Bristol BS12 6QZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett Packard","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088581420"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837","https://openalex.org/I4210156325"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4642,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94233278,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"55","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation-formalisms-in-three-dimensions","display_name":"Rotation formalisms in three dimensions","score":0.8415048122406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6449548006057739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6248139142990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5758363008499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"Causality (physics)","score":0.5728511214256287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formalism","display_name":"Formalism (music)","score":0.5522558093070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-reasoning","display_name":"Qualitative reasoning","score":0.5335386991500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.5247540473937988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-system","display_name":"Physical system","score":0.5226480960845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.49704626202583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","score":0.49484485387802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commonsense-reasoning","display_name":"Commonsense reasoning","score":0.48153549432754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41022181510925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3356225788593292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08086502552032471}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171018156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7370306","display_name":"Rotation formalisms in three dimensions","level":2,"score":0.8415048122406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6449548006057739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6248139142990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5758363008499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5728511214256287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.5522558093070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83725634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268699","display_name":"Qualitative reasoning","level":2,"score":0.5335386991500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.5247540473937988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116672817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454986","display_name":"Physical system","level":2,"score":0.5226480960845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.49704626202583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.49484485387802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193221554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153664","display_name":"Commonsense reasoning","level":2,"score":0.48153549432754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41022181510925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3356225788593292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08086502552032471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0269888900006159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888900006159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.48.925","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.48.925","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.coiera.com/papers/review.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.64.3853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.64.3853","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.coiera.com/papers/review.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7160927","https://openalex.org/W22800654","https://openalex.org/W71522749","https://openalex.org/W89386754","https://openalex.org/W110177614","https://openalex.org/W124200587","https://openalex.org/W185698926","https://openalex.org/W188128782","https://openalex.org/W611848211","https://openalex.org/W1481503297","https://openalex.org/W1485258130","https://openalex.org/W1506572192","https://openalex.org/W1516909371","https://openalex.org/W1531749780","https://openalex.org/W1541276362","https://openalex.org/W1546406551","https://openalex.org/W1579655073","https://openalex.org/W1604608156","https://openalex.org/W1608701707","https://openalex.org/W1631949059","https://openalex.org/W1784944639","https://openalex.org/W1864286575","https://openalex.org/W1871510485","https://openalex.org/W1878249060","https://openalex.org/W1881025941","https://openalex.org/W1938961153","https://openalex.org/W1972545229","https://openalex.org/W1989486129","https://openalex.org/W1997092091","https://openalex.org/W1998725587","https://openalex.org/W2007532308","https://openalex.org/W2017103958","https://openalex.org/W2022638361","https://openalex.org/W2023673469","https://openalex.org/W2026973491","https://openalex.org/W2036761667","https://openalex.org/W2037587470","https://openalex.org/W2049519443","https://openalex.org/W2051025121","https://openalex.org/W2051905507","https://openalex.org/W2052222137","https://openalex.org/W2053190303","https://openalex.org/W2053899499","https://openalex.org/W2083760618","https://openalex.org/W2088524878","https://openalex.org/W2111315234","https://openalex.org/W2117373207","https://openalex.org/W2119967325","https://openalex.org/W2132969581","https://openalex.org/W2135357820","https://openalex.org/W2140627345","https://openalex.org/W2156928189","https://openalex.org/W2164038545","https://openalex.org/W2168986749","https://openalex.org/W2170931970","https://openalex.org/W2174883809","https://openalex.org/W2176685946","https://openalex.org/W2177592783","https://openalex.org/W2179232860","https://openalex.org/W2235092602","https://openalex.org/W2268702648","https://openalex.org/W2397253692","https://openalex.org/W2411031769","https://openalex.org/W2412956492","https://openalex.org/W2912848477","https://openalex.org/W2913481584","https://openalex.org/W2914573421","https://openalex.org/W3020853340","https://openalex.org/W3030172211","https://openalex.org/W4206140093","https://openalex.org/W4245478427","https://openalex.org/W6605027819","https://openalex.org/W6663267834","https://openalex.org/W6676266664","https://openalex.org/W6689570220","https://openalex.org/W6759227383","https://openalex.org/W6813531427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550052435","https://openalex.org/W2951889872","https://openalex.org/W2105915025","https://openalex.org/W2096409361","https://openalex.org/W2147150441","https://openalex.org/W2023896637","https://openalex.org/W2035817796","https://openalex.org/W2911477764","https://openalex.org/W4387158411","https://openalex.org/W2103209360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,23,50,104],"representation":[2,79],"of":[3,106,118,128,146],"physical":[4,36],"systems":[5,28,57,123],"using":[6],"qualitative":[7,48,51],"formalisms":[8],"is":[9,60,111,131],"examined":[10],"in":[11,20,56],"this":[12,67],"review,":[13],"with":[14],"an":[15],"emphasis":[16],"on":[17,34,47],"recent":[18],"developments":[19],"the":[21,83,100],"area.":[22],"push":[24],"to":[25,42,65,68,85,124],"develop":[26],"reasoning":[27,122],"incorporating":[29],"deep":[30],"knowledge":[31],"originally":[32],"focused":[33],"naive":[35],"representations,":[37],"but":[38],"has":[39,97,102],"now":[40],"shifted":[41,98],"more":[43],"formal":[44],"ones":[45],"based":[46],"mathematics.":[49],"differential":[52],"constraint":[53],"formalism":[54],"used":[55],"like":[58,71,88],"QSIM":[59],"examined,":[61,143],"and":[62,78,82,108,150],"current":[63],"efforts":[64],"link":[66],"competing":[69],"representations":[70,110,127],"Qualitative":[72],"Process":[73],"Theory":[74],"are":[75,80,142],"noted.":[76],"Inference":[77],"intertwined,":[81],"decision":[84],"represent":[86],"notions":[87],"causality":[89],"explicitly,":[90],"or":[91],"infer":[92],"it":[93],"from":[94],"other":[95],"properties,":[96],"as":[99],"field":[101],"developed.":[103],"evolution":[105],"causal":[107],"functional":[109],"thus":[112],"examined.":[113],"Finally,":[114],"a":[115,129],"growing":[116],"body":[117],"work":[119],"that":[120],"allows":[121],"utilize":[125],"multiple":[126,136],"system":[130],"identified.":[132],"Dimensions":[133],"along":[134],"which":[135],"model":[137],"hierarchies":[138],"could":[139],"be":[140],"constructed":[141],"including":[144],"mode":[145],"behaviour,":[147],"granularity,":[148],"ontology,":[149],"representational":[151],"depth.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}