{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2074628339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s026988890000549x","title":"Lighthill 17 years on","display_name":"Lighthill 17 years on","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2074628339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s026988890000549x","mag":"2074628339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s026988890000549x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s026988890000549x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073504508","display_name":"Martin C. Lam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4073-7379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60488453","display_name":"Middlesex University London","ror":"https://ror.org/01rv4p989","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wembley, Middlesex, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wembley, Middlesex, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073504508"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29608735,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"265","last_page":"276"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11801","display_name":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","score":0.4984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11801","display_name":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","score":0.4984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14143","display_name":"Economic and Technological Innovation","score":0.49790000915527344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12667","display_name":"Economic and Technological Developments in Russia","score":0.4458000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hindsight-bias","display_name":"Hindsight bias","score":0.7940824031829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blueprint","display_name":"Blueprint","score":0.514563262462616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimism","display_name":"Optimism","score":0.49221840500831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.4843050539493561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.48183122277259827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/element","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","score":0.4781397581100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.45953890681266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commission","display_name":"Commission","score":0.45636221766471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.44210952520370483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-servant","display_name":"Civil servant","score":0.42522409558296204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pessimism","display_name":"Pessimism","score":0.41439539194107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3835042119026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.37561678886413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32064324617385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.29923415184020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.29413339495658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2246190309524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.1461302936077118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.12266668677330017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10347200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1960297","display_name":"Hindsight bias","level":2,"score":0.7940824031829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155911762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422321","display_name":"Blueprint","level":2,"score":0.514563262462616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204017024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485446","display_name":"Optimism","level":2,"score":0.49221840500831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4843050539493561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48183122277259827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200288055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621792","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","level":2,"score":0.4781397581100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.45953890681266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.45636221766471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.44210952520370483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992491571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11771944","display_name":"Civil servant","level":3,"score":0.42522409558296204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9992130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484954","display_name":"Pessimism","level":2,"score":0.41439539194107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3835042119026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.37561678886413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32064324617385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29923415184020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.29413339495658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2246190309524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1461302936077118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.12266668677330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s026988890000549x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s026988890000549x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006807542","https://openalex.org/W2155223580","https://openalex.org/W2129200904","https://openalex.org/W72025981","https://openalex.org/W2374935031","https://openalex.org/W1835126259","https://openalex.org/W3094705963","https://openalex.org/W2361737659","https://openalex.org/W4237081347","https://openalex.org/W1979459745"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"It":[1],"is":[2,213,251,305,319],"a":[3,21,58,71,81,138,196],"common":[4],"Establishment":[5],"practice":[6],"in":[7,33,86,223,240,270,278],"the":[8,46,67,87,92,96,109,133,206,208,236,263,266,271,297,334],"UK":[9,272],"to":[10,19,56,148,160,193,229,235,254,262,321,329],"ask":[11],"an":[12,161,217],"expert,":[13],"recognized":[14],"for":[15,49,77],"his/her":[16],"sound":[17],"views,":[18],"give":[20],"view":[22],"on":[23,101,249,285,333],"controversial":[24],"matters":[25],"of":[26,94,99,111,175,219,238],"public":[27],"interest.":[28],"There":[29],"are":[30,281,289],"recent":[31],"examples":[32],"such":[34],"varied":[35],"fields":[36,242],"as":[37,80,137],"accounting":[38],"standards,":[39],"export":[40],"credits,":[41],"and":[42,74,275,301],"microgravity.":[43],"Administrations\u2014for":[44],"all":[45],"current":[47],"fashion":[48],"\u201cbuilt-in":[50],"evaluation\u201d\u2014have":[51],"no":[52],"time":[53,192],"or":[54,125,315],"inclination":[55],"take":[57,149],"look":[59],"backwards":[60],"at":[61,181],"these":[62],"autographs.":[63],"In":[64,231],"this":[65,317],"paper":[66],"author,":[68],"who":[69],"was":[70,159,216],"civil":[72],"servant,":[73],"has":[75,146],"worked":[76],"ten":[78],"years":[79,85],"consultant,":[82],"including":[83],"two":[84],"European":[88],"Commission,":[89],"considers,":[90],"with":[91],"help":[93,115],"hindsight,":[95],"Lighthill":[97,158,226,243],"Report":[98],"1972":[100],"AI.":[102,313],"This":[103],"review":[104],"implies":[105],"making":[106],"judgements":[107],"about":[108,123,221,312],"progress":[110],"AI":[112,176,222,239,286],"which":[113,225,288],"cannot":[114,129],"being":[116,283],"contentious.":[117],"First,":[118],"there":[119,140,153,166,215,304],"will":[120,154,186,326],"be":[121,142,155,187,322],"disagreements":[122],"judgements,":[124],"even":[126],"assertions\u2014the":[127],"author":[128],"claim":[130],"authority":[131],"over":[132],"whole":[134],"field,":[135],"unless":[136],"voyeur;":[139],"may":[141],"important":[143],"developments":[144],"he":[145],"failed":[147],"account":[150],"of.":[151],"Second,":[152],"arguments":[156],"that":[157,165,189,214],"extent":[162],"self-fulfilling\u2014that":[163],"is,":[164],"would":[167],"have":[168,330],"been":[169,179],"more":[170,256],"advance":[171],"if":[172],"some":[173,245],"aspects":[174],"had":[177,227],"not":[178,252,276,282,307,316],"checked":[180],"his":[182,233],"advice.":[183],"Third,":[184],"it":[185,190,325],"said":[188],"takes":[191],"work":[194],"up":[195],"new":[197,202],"computational":[198],"concept\u2014or":[199],"any":[200],"other":[201],"thing.":[203],"However,":[204],"whatever":[205],"reservations,":[207],"main":[209],"conclusion":[210],"put":[211],"forward":[212],"element":[218],"over-optimism":[220],"general":[224],"reason":[228],"castigate.":[230],"directing":[232],"comments":[234],"utility":[237],"specific":[241],"got":[244],"things":[246,257],"wrong,":[247],"but,":[248],"balance\u2014which":[250],"easy":[253],"strike\u2014probably":[255],"right":[258],"than":[259],"wrong.":[260],"Extrapolating":[261],"present":[264],"day":[265],"writer":[267],"questions":[268],"whether,":[269],"after":[273],"Alvey,":[274],"least":[277],"Japan,":[279],"resources":[280],"expended":[284],"objectives":[287],"intellectually":[290],"stimulating":[291],"but":[292],"remain":[293],"too":[294,308],"far":[295],"from":[296],"application's":[298],"sharp":[299],"end;":[300],"therefore":[302],"whether":[303],"still":[306],"much":[309],"\u201cjam":[310],"tomorrow\u201d":[311],"Whether":[314],"questioning":[318],"judged":[320],"wrongheaded,":[323],"perhaps":[324],"prove":[327],"useful":[328],"stirred":[331],"discussion":[332],"subject.":[335]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}