{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2146313666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0263574709990464","title":"Perception advances in outdoor vehicle detection for automatic cruise control","display_name":"Perception advances in outdoor vehicle detection for automatic cruise control","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2146313666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0263574709990464","mag":"2146313666"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0263574709990464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0263574709990464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92163612","display_name":"Robotica","issn_l":"0263-5747","issn":["0263-5747","1469-8668"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ebuah.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/10017/45887/4/Perception_Alvarez_Robotica_2010.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028049729","display_name":"Sergio \u00c1lvarez-Napagao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9946-9703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. \u00c1lvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. N-II Km. 33, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain","Department of electronics, university of alcal\u00e1, ctra. n-ii km. 33, alcal\u00e1 de henares, madrid, spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. N-II Km. 33, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electronics, university of alcal\u00e1, ctra. n-ii km. 33, alcal\u00e1 de henares, madrid, spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002294104","display_name":"Miguel \u00c1ngel Sotelo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8809-2103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. \u00c1. Sotelo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. N-II Km. 33, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain","Department of electronics, university of alcal\u00e1, ctra. n-ii km. 33, alcal\u00e1 de henares, madrid, spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. N-II Km. 33, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electronics, university of alcal\u00e1, ctra. n-ii km. 33, alcal\u00e1 de henares, madrid, spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085238119","display_name":"Manuel Oca\u00f1a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8875-1866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Oca\u00f1a","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. N-II Km. 33, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain","Department of electronics, university of alcal\u00e1, ctra. n-ii km. 33, alcal\u00e1 de henares, madrid, spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. N-II Km. 33, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electronics, university of alcal\u00e1, ctra. n-ii km. 33, alcal\u00e1 de henares, madrid, spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016004555","display_name":"David Fern\u00e1ndez Llorca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2433-7110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. F. Llorca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. N-II Km. 33, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain","Department of electronics, university of alcal\u00e1, ctra. n-ii km. 33, alcal\u00e1 de henares, madrid, spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. N-II Km. 33, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electronics, university of alcal\u00e1, ctra. n-ii km. 33, alcal\u00e1 de henares, madrid, spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027189195","display_name":"I. Parra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3889-018X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Parra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. N-II Km. 33, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain","Department of electronics, university of alcal\u00e1, ctra. n-ii km. 33, alcal\u00e1 de henares, madrid, spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. N-II Km. 33, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electronics, university of alcal\u00e1, ctra. n-ii km. 33, alcal\u00e1 de henares, madrid, spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077780013","display_name":"Luis M. Bergasa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0087-3077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. M. Bergasa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. N-II Km. 33, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain","Department of electronics, university of alcal\u00e1, ctra. n-ii km. 33, alcal\u00e1 de henares, madrid, spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. N-II Km. 33, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electronics, university of alcal\u00e1, ctra. n-ii km. 33, alcal\u00e1 de henares, madrid, spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002294104"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0053,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93482294,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"5","first_page":"765","last_page":"779"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cruise-control","display_name":"Cruise control","score":0.7976654767990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7356781959533691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6556276082992554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5982844233512878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.581458568572998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5759038925170898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocular-vision","display_name":"Monocular vision","score":0.5756520628929138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocular","display_name":"Monocular","score":0.4994232654571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.4877977669239044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.483405739068985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truck","display_name":"Truck","score":0.47696101665496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.47457054257392883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.467556357383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-vision","display_name":"Machine vision","score":0.418399840593338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.2576616406440735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2496798038482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2390879988670349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.20560774207115173}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113168747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507295","display_name":"Cruise control","level":3,"score":0.7976654767990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7356781959533691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6556276082992554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5982844233512878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.581458568572998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5759038925170898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158829959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640606","display_name":"Monocular vision","level":2,"score":0.5756520628929138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65909025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1945033","display_name":"Monocular","level":2,"score":0.4994232654571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.4877977669239044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.483405739068985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52121051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43193","display_name":"Truck","level":2,"score":0.47696101665496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.47457054257392883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.467556357383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5339829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425977","display_name":"Machine vision","level":2,"score":0.418399840593338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2576616406440735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2496798038482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2390879988670349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.20560774207115173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0263574709990464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0263574709990464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92163612","display_name":"Robotica","issn_l":"0263-5747","issn":["0263-5747","1469-8668"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/45887","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10017/45887","pdf_url":"https://ebuah.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/10017/45887/4/Perception_Alvarez_Robotica_2010.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055200","display_name":"e_Buah","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/45887","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10017/45887","pdf_url":"https://ebuah.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/10017/45887/4/Perception_Alvarez_Robotica_2010.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055200","display_name":"e_Buah","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2146313666.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2146313666.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164866581","https://openalex.org/W1497129724","https://openalex.org/W1531836944","https://openalex.org/W1537874494","https://openalex.org/W1556591463","https://openalex.org/W2031769654","https://openalex.org/W2053782190","https://openalex.org/W2101033509","https://openalex.org/W2101330525","https://openalex.org/W2106300334","https://openalex.org/W2119796200","https://openalex.org/W2125147620","https://openalex.org/W2126452053","https://openalex.org/W2131550749","https://openalex.org/W2136767008","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2139262811","https://openalex.org/W2147291488","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2169122647","https://openalex.org/W2171977847","https://openalex.org/W3193477162","https://openalex.org/W4233730708","https://openalex.org/W4235668423","https://openalex.org/W4248508312","https://openalex.org/W4254632515","https://openalex.org/W4376502752"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3213997683","https://openalex.org/W2995270189","https://openalex.org/W2084124712","https://openalex.org/W1556591463","https://openalex.org/W1547686980","https://openalex.org/W2435467664","https://openalex.org/W4381188157","https://openalex.org/W2011626633","https://openalex.org/W2037866696","https://openalex.org/W4251947321"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SUMMARY":[0],"This":[1],"paper":[2,157],"describes":[3],"a":[4,45,54,90],"vehicle":[5,151],"detection":[6,152,160],"system":[7,58,153],"based":[8],"on":[9],"support":[10],"vector":[11],"machine":[12],"(SVM)":[13],"and":[14,86,111,164,175],"monocular":[15],"vision.":[16],"The":[17,40,71,132],"final":[18,57],"goal":[19],"is":[20,42,97,134],"to":[21,43,52,64,101,140,143,167,181],"provide":[22],"vehicle-to-vehicle":[23],"time":[24],"gap":[25],"for":[26,129],"automatic":[27],"cruise":[28],"control":[29],"(ACC)":[30],"applications":[31],"in":[32,50,68,81,99,138,155,183],"the":[33,61,75,82,150,171,177],"framework":[34],"of":[35,74,118,161],"intelligent":[36,94],"transportation":[37],"systems":[38],"(ITS).":[39],"challenge":[41],"use":[44],"single":[46],"camera":[47],"as":[48],"input,":[49],"order":[51,100,139],"achieve":[53],"low":[55],"cost":[56],"that":[59],"meets":[60],"requirements":[62],"needed":[63],"undertake":[65],"serial":[66],"production":[67],"automotive":[69],"industry.":[70],"basic":[72],"feature":[73],"detected":[76],"objects":[77,105],"are":[78],"first":[79],"located":[80],"image":[83],"using":[84,136],"vision":[85],"then":[87],"combined":[88],"with":[89,104],"SVM-based":[91],"classifier.":[92],"An":[93],"learning":[95,130],"approach":[96],"proposed":[98],"better":[102],"deal":[103],"variability,":[106],"illumination":[107],"conditions,":[108],"partial":[109],"occlusions":[110],"rotations.":[112],"A":[113],"large":[114],"database":[115],"containing":[116],"thousands":[117],"object":[119],"examples":[120],"extracted":[121],"from":[122],"real":[123,184],"road":[124],"scenes":[125],"has":[126],"been":[127],"created":[128],"purposes.":[131],"classifier":[133],"trained":[135],"SVM":[137],"be":[141],"able":[142],"classify":[144],"vehicles,":[145],"including":[146],"trucks.":[147],"In":[148,170],"addition,":[149],"described":[154],"this":[156],"provides":[158],"early":[159],"passing":[162],"cars":[163],"assigns":[165],"lane":[166],"target":[168],"vehicles.":[169],"paper,":[172],"we":[173],"present":[174],"discuss":[176],"results":[178],"achieved":[179],"up":[180],"date":[182],"traffic":[185],"conditions.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
