{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2051325266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0263574702004599","title":"Design and evaluation of Driver's SEAT: A car steering simulation environment for upper limb stroke therapy","display_name":"Design and evaluation of Driver's SEAT: A car steering simulation environment for upper limb stroke therapy","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2051325266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0263574702004599","mag":"2051325266"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0263574702004599","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0263574702004599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92163612","display_name":"Robotica","issn_l":"0263-5747","issn":["0263-5747","1469-8668"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089357312","display_name":"Michelle J. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7964-0304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204866599","display_name":"VA Palo Alto Health Care System","ror":"https://ror.org/00nr17z89","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I204866599","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210125474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. J. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Depts. of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University (USA","Rehabilitation R&D Center (RRDC) \u2013 VA Palo Alto HCS, Stanford University (USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Depts. of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University (USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rehabilitation R&D Center (RRDC) \u2013 VA Palo Alto HCS, Stanford University (USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204866599","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038741987","display_name":"H. F. Machiel Van der Loos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-980X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204866599","display_name":"VA Palo Alto Health Care System","ror":"https://ror.org/00nr17z89","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I204866599","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210125474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. F. M. Van der Loos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Functional Restoration, Stanford University (USA","Rehabilitation R&D Center (RRDC) \u2013 VA Palo Alto HCS, Stanford University (USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Functional Restoration, Stanford University (USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rehabilitation R&D Center (RRDC) \u2013 VA Palo Alto HCS, Stanford University (USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204866599","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002639971","display_name":"Charles G. Burgar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204866599","display_name":"VA Palo Alto Health Care System","ror":"https://ror.org/00nr17z89","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I204866599","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210125474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. G. Burgar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Functional Restoration, Stanford University (USA","Rehabilitation R&D Center (RRDC) \u2013 VA Palo Alto HCS, Stanford University (USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Functional Restoration, Stanford University (USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rehabilitation R&D Center (RRDC) \u2013 VA Palo Alto HCS, Stanford University (USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204866599","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070748592","display_name":"P. Shor","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204866599","display_name":"VA Palo Alto Health Care System","ror":"https://ror.org/00nr17z89","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I204866599","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210125474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Shor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rehabilitation R&D Center (RRDC) \u2013 VA Palo Alto HCS, Stanford University (USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rehabilitation R&D Center (RRDC) \u2013 VA Palo Alto HCS, Stanford University (USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204866599","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053250423","display_name":"Larry Leifer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. J. Leifer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Depts. of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University (USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Depts. of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University (USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4472,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90876068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-limb","display_name":"Upper limb","score":0.7159494757652283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.6524583101272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steering-wheel","display_name":"Steering wheel","score":0.5273652672767639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","score":0.4999880790710449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lower-limb","display_name":"Lower limb","score":0.47659820318222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-function","display_name":"Motor function","score":0.44651567935943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-induced-movement-therapy","display_name":"Constraint-induced movement therapy","score":0.4340248107910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.4102291762828827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.37673419713974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.37404775619506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.32146748900413513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.291313499212265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2323334515094757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.18922549486160278}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776660947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841423","display_name":"Upper limb","level":2,"score":0.7159494757652283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.6524583101272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780354894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679300","display_name":"Steering wheel","level":2,"score":0.5273652672767639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.4999880790710449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989316616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6027402","display_name":"Lower limb","level":2,"score":0.47659820318222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988438704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2996165","display_name":"Motor function","level":2,"score":0.44651567935943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777425428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3527305","display_name":"Constraint-induced movement therapy","level":3,"score":0.4340248107910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.4102291762828827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37673419713974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37404775619506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.32146748900413513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.291313499212265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2323334515094757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.18922549486160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0263574702004599","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0263574702004599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92163612","display_name":"Robotica","issn_l":"0263-5747","issn":["0263-5747","1469-8668"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W163455323","https://openalex.org/W177938956","https://openalex.org/W192379732","https://openalex.org/W1590541501","https://openalex.org/W1617736026","https://openalex.org/W1988413123","https://openalex.org/W1989833402","https://openalex.org/W2011343589","https://openalex.org/W2048759677","https://openalex.org/W2079091263","https://openalex.org/W2088617542","https://openalex.org/W2098051962","https://openalex.org/W2106676902","https://openalex.org/W2115545279","https://openalex.org/W2138640945","https://openalex.org/W2139618082","https://openalex.org/W2141265254","https://openalex.org/W2144165781","https://openalex.org/W2156518314","https://openalex.org/W2157456784","https://openalex.org/W2164938691","https://openalex.org/W2246873560","https://openalex.org/W3202700175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2349481151","https://openalex.org/W2213308640","https://openalex.org/W2381508926","https://openalex.org/W2390824216","https://openalex.org/W2315031341","https://openalex.org/W2887005847","https://openalex.org/W2366542079","https://openalex.org/W3031833804","https://openalex.org/W2381292641","https://openalex.org/W2360275541"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hemiplegia,":[0],"affecting":[1],"approximately":[2],"75%":[3],"of":[4,25,28,48],"all":[5],"stroke":[6],"survivors,":[7],"is":[8,32],"a":[9,55,61],"common":[10],"neurological":[11],"impairment":[12],"that":[13,59],"results":[14],"in":[15,71],"upper":[16,30,73],"and":[17,21,37,46,77,88],"lower":[18],"limb":[19],"sensory":[20],"motor":[22],"deficits.":[23],"Recovery":[24],"coordinated":[26,68],"movement":[27,70],"both":[29],"limbs":[31],"important":[33],"for":[34,52,80],"bilateral":[35,69,87],"function":[36],"promotes":[38],"personal":[39],"independence.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42],"describes":[43],"the":[44,72,92,96],"philosophy":[45],"design":[47],"Driver's":[49],"Simulation":[50],"Environment":[51],"Arm":[53],"Therapy,":[54],"one-degree-of-freedom":[56],"robotic":[57],"device":[58,97],"uses":[60],"modified":[62],"Constraint-Induced":[63],"therapy":[64],"paradigm":[65],"to":[66],"promote":[67],"limbs.":[74],"Baseline":[75],"force":[76],"tracking":[78],"data":[79],"four":[81],"neurologically":[82],"unimpaired":[83],"subjects":[84],"who":[85],"completed":[86],"unilateral":[89],"steering":[90],"with":[91],"impaired":[93],"arm":[94],"using":[95],"are":[98],"presented.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
