{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131129540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05936","title":"Mechanical performance and life-cycle carbon reduction benefits of 3D-printed permanent-formwork columns filled with low-magnesia concrete","display_name":"Mechanical performance and life-cycle carbon reduction benefits of 3D-printed permanent-formwork columns filled with low-magnesia concrete","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131129540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05936"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764881959","display_name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","issn_l":"2214-5095","issn":["2214-5095"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05936","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101654768","display_name":"S. Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1567-4402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114117164","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengxuan Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126652724","display_name":"Jiren Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114117164","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiren Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126629671","display_name":"Mingqiang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114117164","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126652724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"],"apc_list":{"value":600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":600},"apc_paid":{"value":600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":600},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89675985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":null,"first_page":"e05936","last_page":"e05936"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11352","display_name":"Masonry and Concrete Structural Analysis","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formwork","display_name":"Formwork","score":0.6654999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesoscale-meteorology","display_name":"Mesoscale meteorology","score":0.6560999751091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","score":0.6043000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-number","display_name":"Composite number","score":0.5677000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shell","display_name":"Shell (structure)","score":0.5666000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.4537999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-fibers","display_name":"Carbon fibers","score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image-correlation","display_name":"Digital image correlation","score":0.385699987411499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6690999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778684775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752323","display_name":"Formwork","level":2,"score":0.6654999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40382383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2399824","display_name":"Mesoscale meteorology","level":2,"score":0.6560999751091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.6043000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.5677000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781052500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2230313","display_name":"Shell (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5666000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5403000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.4537999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.45329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115635565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860900","display_name":"Digital image correlation","level":2,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182310444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332643","display_name":"Boundary value problem","level":2,"score":0.38429999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180016635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Compression (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38269999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123453687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4371846","display_name":"Strength reduction","level":3,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174598085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746673","display_name":"Acoustic emission","level":2,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777831296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12518","display_name":"Tower","level":2,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65590680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909482","display_name":"Volume fraction","level":2,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65155139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380912","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","level":3,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988805333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184190","display_name":"Reinforced concrete","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204217086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240553","display_name":"Strength of materials","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018344627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1925224","display_name":"Failure mechanism","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76344452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263125","display_name":"Fibre-reinforced plastic","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764881959","display_name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","issn_l":"2214-5095","issn":["2214-5095"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764881959","display_name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","issn_l":"2214-5095","issn":["2214-5095"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4986819326877594,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W746514909","https://openalex.org/W2035824333","https://openalex.org/W2054846725","https://openalex.org/W2065083890","https://openalex.org/W2084742240","https://openalex.org/W2884582327","https://openalex.org/W2903955095","https://openalex.org/W2912055253","https://openalex.org/W2957412640","https://openalex.org/W3010914032","https://openalex.org/W3012977463","https://openalex.org/W3087409652","https://openalex.org/W3110976172","https://openalex.org/W3153996094","https://openalex.org/W3215861916","https://openalex.org/W3216441390","https://openalex.org/W4221035474","https://openalex.org/W4229034788","https://openalex.org/W4281695356","https://openalex.org/W4282943113","https://openalex.org/W4283076111","https://openalex.org/W4283277850","https://openalex.org/W4293586578","https://openalex.org/W4293660580","https://openalex.org/W4310076233","https://openalex.org/W4319963404","https://openalex.org/W4353067196","https://openalex.org/W4353095425","https://openalex.org/W4386599680","https://openalex.org/W4392974453","https://openalex.org/W4399040115","https://openalex.org/W4402029720","https://openalex.org/W4403774463","https://openalex.org/W4405871062","https://openalex.org/W4408734984","https://openalex.org/W4410799802","https://openalex.org/W4411505370","https://openalex.org/W4412564219","https://openalex.org/W4412755863","https://openalex.org/W4412785063","https://openalex.org/W4416095801"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"improve":[1],"the":[2,82,88,96,100,103,170,190,203,208,219,225],"industrialization":[3],"and":[4,26,56,74,77,94,116,118,124,161,174,198,216,222,230,239],"low-carbon":[5],"potential":[6],"of":[7,18,99,152],"reinforced":[8],"concrete":[9,21,31],"construction,":[10],"this":[11],"study":[12,226],"proposes":[13],"a":[14,19,27,125,149],"short-column":[15],"system":[16,192],"consisting":[17],"3D-printed":[20,89,234],"shell":[22,90],"as":[23],"permanent":[24],"formwork":[25],"cast-in-place":[28,46],"lean-magnesia-ore":[29],"aggregate":[30],"infill.":[32],"Axial":[33],"compression":[34],"tests":[35],"were":[36],"conducted":[37],"on":[38,113],"six":[39],"shell\u2013infilled":[40],"short":[41],"columns":[42,236],"together":[43],"with":[44,48,158],"companion":[45],"columns,":[47],"damage":[49,139],"evolution":[50,176],"monitored":[51],"by":[52,141],"acoustic":[53],"emission":[54],"(AE)":[55],"digital":[57],"image":[58],"correlation":[59],"(DIC).":[60],"A":[61,184],"three-dimensional":[62],"mesoscale":[63,166],"finite":[64],"element":[65],"model":[66,167],"was":[67,78],"developed":[68],"to":[69,80,110],"account":[70],"for":[71,181,202,233],"pore-induced":[72],"heterogeneity":[73],"interlayer":[75],"weakening,":[76],"used":[79],"interpret":[81],"observed":[83],"failure":[84],"process.Results":[85],"show":[86],"that":[87,189],"provides":[91,227],"effective":[92],"confinement":[93],"improves":[95],"axial":[97],"capacity":[98],"composite":[101],"columns;":[102],"strength":[104,123],"enhancement":[105],"ranges":[106],"from":[107],"approximately":[108],"3.6%":[109],"22.7%":[111],"depending":[112],"cross-sectional":[114],"shape":[115],"size,":[117],"circular":[119],"specimens":[120],"exhibit":[121],"higher":[122],"smoother":[126],"post-peak":[127],"response":[128,173],"than":[129],"square":[130],"ones":[131],"under":[132,218],"comparable":[133],"conditions.":[134],"AE\u2013DIC":[135],"observations":[136],"indicate":[137],"progressive":[138],"characterized":[140],"distributed":[142],"cracking;":[143],"tensile-type":[144],"AE":[145],"events":[146,154],"dominate,":[147],"while":[148],"limited":[150],"fraction":[151],"shear-like/high-RA":[153],"may":[155],"be":[156],"associated":[157],"interfacial":[159],"friction":[160],"local":[162],"crushing":[163],"effects.":[164],"The":[165],"satisfactorily":[168],"reproduces":[169],"measured":[171],"load\u2013displacement":[172],"crack":[175],"trends,":[177],"supporting":[178],"its":[179],"use":[180],"mechanism":[182],"interpretation.":[183],"cradle-to-gate":[185],"life-cycle":[186],"assessment":[187],"suggests":[188],"proposed":[191],"can":[193],"substantially":[194],"shorten":[195],"construction":[196],"time":[197],"reduce":[199],"direct":[200],"cost":[201],"typical":[204],"member":[205],"considered,":[206],"whereas":[207],"difference":[209],"in":[210],"embodied":[211],"carbon":[212],"is":[213],"modest":[214],"(~2.3%)":[215],"scenario-dependent":[217],"adopted":[220],"boundary":[221],"assumptions.":[223],"Overall,":[224],"experimental":[228],"evidence":[229],"modeling":[231],"support":[232],"permanent-formwork":[235],"toward":[237],"faster":[238],"potentially":[240],"lower-impact":[241],"construction.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-26T06:29:33.603293","created_date":"2026-02-24T00:00:00"}