{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127724127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05860","title":"Hybrid RC columns with 3D printed formworks: A case study on process-informed structural integrity","display_name":"Hybrid RC columns with 3D printed formworks: A case study on process-informed structural integrity","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127724127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764881959","display_name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","issn_l":"2214-5095","issn":["2214-5095"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05860","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076523416","display_name":"Jin Soo Bang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Soo Bang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086430949","display_name":"Seong Jun Ha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong Jun Ha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125048424","display_name":"Ju Young Hwang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204974687","display_name":"Dong-Eui University","ror":"https://ror.org/059g69b28","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204974687"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ju Young Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Dong Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Dong Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204974687"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101776255","display_name":"Jin-Hee Ahn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189442560","display_name":"Gyeongsang National University","ror":"https://ror.org/00saywf64","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189442560"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin-Hee Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189442560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102416806","display_name":"Hong Jae Yim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hong Jae Yim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102416806"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"],"apc_list":{"value":600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":600},"apc_paid":{"value":600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":600},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29579047,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":null,"first_page":"e05860","last_page":"e05860"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11006","display_name":"BIM and Construction Integration","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formwork","display_name":"Formwork","score":0.7357000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printed","display_name":"3d printed","score":0.611299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/casting","display_name":"Casting","score":0.600600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.58160001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-integrity","display_name":"Structural integrity","score":0.5763999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compression","display_name":"Compression (physics)","score":0.4699000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-material","display_name":"Structural material","score":0.3862000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.38109999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778684775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752323","display_name":"Formwork","level":2,"score":0.7357000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6618000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019308078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3d printed","level":2,"score":0.611299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16635281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496098","display_name":"Casting","level":2,"score":0.600600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.58160001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984185122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1309431","display_name":"Structural integrity","level":2,"score":0.5763999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5412999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5245000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180016635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Compression (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4699000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200070095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1297687","display_name":"Structural material","level":2,"score":0.3862000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.38109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125450124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831541","display_name":"Precast concrete","level":2,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76475535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7533418","display_name":"Size effect on structural strength","level":2,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88282795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448108","display_name":"Structural system","level":2,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120793396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173350","display_name":"Printed circuit board","level":2,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69990965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764881959","display_name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","issn_l":"2214-5095","issn":["2214-5095"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764881959","display_name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","issn_l":"2214-5095","issn":["2214-5095"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49143311381340027,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2256767677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2022R1C1C1009589","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2503299386","https://openalex.org/W2808508889","https://openalex.org/W3025073012","https://openalex.org/W3087555034","https://openalex.org/W3112884474","https://openalex.org/W3153996094","https://openalex.org/W3163077597","https://openalex.org/W3173690989","https://openalex.org/W3194343944","https://openalex.org/W3203954038","https://openalex.org/W4205318108","https://openalex.org/W4213348949","https://openalex.org/W4283030153","https://openalex.org/W4298007401","https://openalex.org/W4310862077","https://openalex.org/W4313588816","https://openalex.org/W4313856922","https://openalex.org/W4318301858","https://openalex.org/W4327967077","https://openalex.org/W4380742290","https://openalex.org/W4382360469","https://openalex.org/W4386319777","https://openalex.org/W4389514007","https://openalex.org/W4401024960","https://openalex.org/W4401391994","https://openalex.org/W4403522556","https://openalex.org/W4405926412","https://openalex.org/W4408796450","https://openalex.org/W4409003381","https://openalex.org/W4409430314","https://openalex.org/W7117378564"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3D":[0,211],"printed":[1,36,51,212],"permanent":[2,213],"formworks":[3,37],"offer":[4],"an":[5,40],"efficient":[6],"means":[7],"of":[8,35,64,80,160,183],"fabricating":[9],"reinforced":[10],"concrete":[11,55],"(RC)":[12],"members.":[13],"However,":[14],"their":[15],"structural":[16,33,200],"contribution":[17],"under":[18,111,130],"axial":[19],"compression":[20,107],"remains":[21],"uncertain":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24,45,58,67,117],"variations":[25],"in":[26],"interface":[27,48,165],"quality.":[28,166],"This":[29],"study":[30],"investigated":[31],"the":[32,77,81,133,144,170,192],"roles":[34],"and":[38,53,87,95,113,140,163,177],"established":[39],"Optimal":[41],"Casting":[42],"Window":[43],"(OCW)":[44],"ensure":[46],"reproducible":[47],"integrity.":[49],"The":[50,71,126],"formwork":[52],"post-cast":[54],"were":[56,99,109],"proportioned":[57],"reach":[59],"a":[60,102,148,158,203],"nominal":[61],"28-day":[62],"strength":[63],"21":[65],"MPa":[66],"eliminate":[68],"strength-gradient":[69],"bias.":[70],"casting":[72,190],"timing":[73],"was":[74],"governed":[75],"by":[76],"stiffness":[78],"evolution":[79],"formwork,":[82],"monitored":[83],"via":[84],"electrical":[85],"resistivity":[86],"ultrasonic":[88],"pulse":[89],"velocity.":[90],"Two":[91],"hybrid":[92,207],"configurations":[93],"(OCW":[94],"72":[96],"h":[97],"casting)":[98],"evaluated":[100],"alongside":[101],"conventional":[103,145],"RC":[104,208],"control.":[105],"Axial":[106],"tests":[108],"conducted":[110],"full-section":[112,131],"core-focused":[114,168],"section":[115],"loading":[116],"decouple":[118],"direct":[119],"load":[120,175],"sharing":[121],"from":[122,157],"passive":[123,184],"confinement":[124],"effects.":[125],"results":[127],"indicated":[128],"that":[129,153,189],"loading,":[132],"HRC-QC":[134,171],"samples":[135,172],"displayed":[136],"higher":[137],"peak":[138,178],"loads":[139],"energy":[141],"absorption":[142],"than":[143],"RC.":[146],"Crucially,":[147],"normalized":[149],"stress-based":[150],"interpretation":[151],"suggested":[152],"these":[154],"differences":[155],"resulted":[156],"combination":[159],"geometric":[161],"expansion":[162],"process-driven":[164],"Under":[167],"section,":[169],"exhibited":[173],"superior":[174],"capacity":[176],"displacement,":[179],"suggesting":[180],"effective":[181],"mobilization":[182],"confinement.":[185],"These":[186],"findings":[187],"suggest":[188],"within":[191],"process-verified":[193],"OCW":[194],"is":[195],"essential":[196],"for":[197,206],"attaining":[198],"consistent":[199],"integrity,":[201],"establishing":[202],"process-informed":[204],"framework":[205],"members":[209],"with":[210],"formworks.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-02-06T00:00:00"}