{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097923425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0661(05)80494-3","title":"Concurrency and Refinement in the Unified Modeling Language","display_name":"Concurrency and Refinement in the Unified Modeling Language","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097923425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0661(05)80494-3","mag":"2097923425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1571-0661(05)80494-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0661(05)80494-3","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1571066105804943/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50368787","display_name":"Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"1571-0661","issn":["1571-0661"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1571066105804943/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030187840","display_name":"Jim Davies","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4664-6862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jim Davies and","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University Computing Laboratory Wolfson Building, Parks Road Oxford, OX1 3QD UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University Computing Laboratory Wolfson Building, Parks Road Oxford, OX1 3QD UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020754814","display_name":"Charles Crichton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9171-1427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles Crichton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University Computing Laboratory Wolfson Building, Parks Road Oxford, OX1 3QD UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University Computing Laboratory Wolfson Building, Parks Road Oxford, OX1 3QD UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020754814","https://openalex.org/A5030187840"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2669,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93601651,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"3","first_page":"217","last_page":"243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8026069402694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.7634032964706421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concurrency","display_name":"Concurrency","score":0.6699000597000122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-diagram","display_name":"Class diagram","score":0.6619019508361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communicating-sequential-processes","display_name":"Communicating sequential processes","score":0.6551184058189392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-modeling-language","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","score":0.609785795211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5938443541526794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-semantics","display_name":"Formal semantics (linguistics)","score":0.5511207580566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.5196691751480103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-diagram","display_name":"State diagram","score":0.499802827835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-constraint-language","display_name":"Object Constraint Language","score":0.49238693714141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.46482422947883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.45845383405685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-diagram","display_name":"Activity diagram","score":0.43800026178359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refinement-calculus","display_name":"Refinement calculus","score":0.4307461380958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-semantics","display_name":"Operational semantics","score":0.3925364911556244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.3466704785823822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applications-of-uml","display_name":"Applications of UML","score":0.30407923460006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12333691120147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.118650883436203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.09597939252853394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8026069402694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7634032964706421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193702766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414548","display_name":"Concurrency","level":2,"score":0.6699000597000122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202446494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664166","display_name":"Class diagram","level":4,"score":0.6619019508361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155214134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120460","display_name":"Communicating sequential processes","level":4,"score":0.6551184058189392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145644426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169411","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","level":3,"score":0.609785795211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5938443541526794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146499914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469969","display_name":"Formal semantics (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5511207580566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.5196691751480103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16671368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230885","display_name":"State diagram","level":3,"score":0.499802827835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133264317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397689","display_name":"Object Constraint Language","level":5,"score":0.49238693714141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.46482422947883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.45845383405685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64219723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423262","display_name":"Activity diagram","level":4,"score":0.43800026178359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90483712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307205","display_name":"Refinement calculus","level":2,"score":0.4307461380958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930895","display_name":"Operational semantics","level":3,"score":0.3925364911556244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3466704785823822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41298492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781506","display_name":"Applications of UML","level":4,"score":0.30407923460006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12333691120147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.118650883436203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.09597939252853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1571-0661(05)80494-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0661(05)80494-3","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1571066105804943/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50368787","display_name":"Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"1571-0661","issn":["1571-0661"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1571-0661(05)80494-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0661(05)80494-3","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1571066105804943/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50368787","display_name":"Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"1571-0661","issn":["1571-0661"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2097923425.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2097923425.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486021370","https://openalex.org/W2060910670","https://openalex.org/W2077491980","https://openalex.org/W2129384397","https://openalex.org/W2589217375","https://openalex.org/W3144368627","https://openalex.org/W6629129764","https://openalex.org/W6669695368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604556309","https://openalex.org/W37720666","https://openalex.org/W2151860078","https://openalex.org/W2165153566","https://openalex.org/W2534822368","https://openalex.org/W2364994060","https://openalex.org/W4245393191","https://openalex.org/W2124420229","https://openalex.org/W2113699080","https://openalex.org/W2097923425"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"shows":[2],"how":[3],"a":[4,59],"formal":[5],"notion":[6,60],"of":[7,32,41,53,61,69],"refinement":[8,62,73],"may":[9],"be":[10],"defined":[11],"for":[12,50,63,74],"models,":[13],"and":[14,35,57,71],"model":[15],"components,":[16],"expressed":[17],"in":[18],"the":[19,39,51],"Unified":[20],"Modeling":[21],"Language":[22],"(UML).":[23],"A":[24],"formal,":[25],"behavioural":[26],"semantics":[27,47],"is":[28,48],"given":[29],"to":[30],"combinations":[31],"class,":[33],"object,":[34],"state":[36],"diagrams,":[37],"using":[38],"notation":[40],"Communicating":[42],"Sequential":[43],"Processes":[44],"(CSP);":[45],"this":[46],"adequate":[49],"analysis":[52],"concurrent,":[54],"communicating":[55],"behaviour,":[56],"induces":[58],"UML":[64],"based":[65],"upon":[66],"existing":[67],"notions":[68],"traces":[70],"failures":[72],"CSP.":[75]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}