{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057422819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1389-0417(00)00014-0","title":"Simple games as dynamic, coupled systems: randomness and other emergent properties","display_name":"Simple games as dynamic, coupled systems: randomness and other emergent properties","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057422819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1389-0417(00)00014-0","mag":"2057422819"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1389-0417(00)00014-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1389-0417(00)00014-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96254641","display_name":"Cognitive Systems Research","issn_l":"1389-0417","issn":["1389-0417","2214-4366"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Systems Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051122928","display_name":"Robert West","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1011-5795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert L West","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6","Departments of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073745651","display_name":"Christian Lebi\u00e8re","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4865-3062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Lebiere","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human\u2013Computer Interaction Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","Human-Computer Interaction Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human\u2013Computer Interaction Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Computer Interaction Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051122928"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"],"apc_list":{"value":2770,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2770},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4876,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96574694,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"4","first_page":"221","last_page":"239"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.7862957715988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5980439782142639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocal","display_name":"Reciprocal","score":0.5862559080123901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.5319315195083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5273666977882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causation","display_name":"Causation","score":0.5241934657096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.5105875134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.5057740211486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","score":0.5008673667907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.4850710928440094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-game","display_name":"Sequential game","score":0.47487208247184753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.46467170119285583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.44339823722839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.34807467460632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34413689374923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.30887818336486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.22033506631851196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18525341153144836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.7862957715988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5980439782142639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777742833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1964083","display_name":"Reciprocal","level":2,"score":0.5862559080123901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5319315195083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5273666977882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166151441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4923601","display_name":"Causation","level":2,"score":0.5241934657096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5105875134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.5057740211486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.5008673667907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4850710928440094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73795354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287618","display_name":"Sequential game","level":3,"score":0.47487208247184753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46467170119285583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.44339823722839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.34807467460632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34413689374923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30887818336486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.22033506631851196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18525341153144836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1389-0417(00)00014-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1389-0417(00)00014-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96254641","display_name":"Cognitive Systems Research","issn_l":"1389-0417","issn":["1389-0417","2214-4366"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Systems Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18965947","https://openalex.org/W29249083","https://openalex.org/W42434926","https://openalex.org/W1517975184","https://openalex.org/W1546006912","https://openalex.org/W1547937314","https://openalex.org/W1564229172","https://openalex.org/W1573854133","https://openalex.org/W1605188341","https://openalex.org/W1973358527","https://openalex.org/W1977308918","https://openalex.org/W1979492686","https://openalex.org/W1981796171","https://openalex.org/W2001463590","https://openalex.org/W2002497112","https://openalex.org/W2005927198","https://openalex.org/W2022194882","https://openalex.org/W2039563426","https://openalex.org/W2043212891","https://openalex.org/W2050498138","https://openalex.org/W2061157701","https://openalex.org/W2075567596","https://openalex.org/W2076162229","https://openalex.org/W2077041940","https://openalex.org/W2085529605","https://openalex.org/W2095457966","https://openalex.org/W2096348520","https://openalex.org/W2099529025","https://openalex.org/W2101440292","https://openalex.org/W2104602264","https://openalex.org/W2109047492","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2113643896","https://openalex.org/W2128090174","https://openalex.org/W2128569326","https://openalex.org/W2135191462","https://openalex.org/W2144846366","https://openalex.org/W2145849016","https://openalex.org/W2161126629","https://openalex.org/W2162792036","https://openalex.org/W2164558494","https://openalex.org/W2165907628","https://openalex.org/W2322002063","https://openalex.org/W2469390141","https://openalex.org/W2481263544","https://openalex.org/W2724224207","https://openalex.org/W3022017050","https://openalex.org/W3147260715","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W4240652275","https://openalex.org/W4240925509","https://openalex.org/W4242287112","https://openalex.org/W4255662657","https://openalex.org/W4299415759","https://openalex.org/W6600747705","https://openalex.org/W6601234174","https://openalex.org/W6632595390","https://openalex.org/W6633940122","https://openalex.org/W6675811377","https://openalex.org/W6783745198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071306797","https://openalex.org/W2405803446","https://openalex.org/W2374666693","https://openalex.org/W2911145752","https://openalex.org/W1987421962","https://openalex.org/W2149560990","https://openalex.org/W2372443802","https://openalex.org/W1993365706","https://openalex.org/W2363987469","https://openalex.org/W1517532457"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
