{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2079319535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-5849(03)00093-4","title":"Top-down and bottom-up expert estimation of software development effort","display_name":"Top-down and bottom-up expert estimation of software development effort","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2079319535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-5849(03)00093-4","mag":"2079319535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0950-5849(03)00093-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-5849(03)00093-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205010575","display_name":"Information and Software Technology","issn_l":"0950-5849","issn":["0950-5849","1873-6025"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information and Software Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034379250","display_name":"Magne J\u00f8rgensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6250-9783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799829267","display_name":"Simula Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00vn06n10","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Magne J\u00f8rgensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simula Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 134, NO-1325 Lysaker, Norway","Simula Research Laboratory, P. O. Box 134, NO-1325 Lysaker, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simula Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 134, NO-1325 Lysaker, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simula Research Laboratory, P. O. Box 134, NO-1325 Lysaker, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034379250"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.5001,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97776958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.8496030569076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/top-down-and-bottom-up-design","display_name":"Top-down and bottom-up design","score":0.7169226408004761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.6417120695114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5766879320144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.5540319681167603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5424010157585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-project-management","display_name":"Software project management","score":0.44591546058654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-engineering","display_name":"Industrial engineering","score":0.3602744936943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.2873792052268982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28450047969818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.18847769498825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1742039918899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.1428433358669281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0947791039943695}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.8496030569076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135798126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167279","display_name":"Top-down and bottom-up design","level":2,"score":0.7169226408004761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.6417120695114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5766879320144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.5540319681167603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5424010157585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40919944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947779","display_name":"Software project management","level":5,"score":0.44591546058654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.3602744936943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2873792052268982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28450047969818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.18847769498825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1742039918899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.1428433358669281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0947791039943695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0950-5849(03)00093-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-5849(03)00093-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205010575","display_name":"Information and Software Technology","issn_l":"0950-5849","issn":["0950-5849","1873-6025"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information and Software Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512102981","https://openalex.org/W1537033052","https://openalex.org/W1566312599","https://openalex.org/W1810599716","https://openalex.org/W1972632018","https://openalex.org/W1978579751","https://openalex.org/W1988413524","https://openalex.org/W1990518435","https://openalex.org/W1998203406","https://openalex.org/W2007843391","https://openalex.org/W2013029322","https://openalex.org/W2022655844","https://openalex.org/W2024188017","https://openalex.org/W2051411313","https://openalex.org/W2053306835","https://openalex.org/W2083877133","https://openalex.org/W2113309392","https://openalex.org/W2125809971","https://openalex.org/W2127741023","https://openalex.org/W2131378644","https://openalex.org/W2135283860","https://openalex.org/W2153248156","https://openalex.org/W2154437650","https://openalex.org/W2156310663","https://openalex.org/W2158914648","https://openalex.org/W2160038868","https://openalex.org/W2462779620","https://openalex.org/W2912296587","https://openalex.org/W2958068212","https://openalex.org/W3124307400","https://openalex.org/W3125091230","https://openalex.org/W6656487984","https://openalex.org/W6683620909"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2131122993","https://openalex.org/W1849905219","https://openalex.org/W1565247844","https://openalex.org/W2079319535","https://openalex.org/W2186069695","https://openalex.org/W2306805422","https://openalex.org/W1105376319","https://openalex.org/W2326664034","https://openalex.org/W2140951502","https://openalex.org/W2011208827"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}