{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997881968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4573(02)00092-4","title":"Searching the Web: operator assistance required","display_name":"Searching the Web: operator assistance required","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997881968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4573(02)00092-4","mag":"1997881968"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0306-4573(02)00092-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4573(02)00092-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174847851","display_name":"Information Processing & Management","issn_l":"0306-4573","issn":["0306-4573","1873-5371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing & Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044218356","display_name":"Heikki Topi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-2010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139924743","display_name":"Bentley University","ror":"https://ror.org/01px48m89","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139924743"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heikki Topi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Information Systems Department, Bentley College, Waltham, MA 02452-4705, USA","Comput. Inf. Syst. Dept., Bentley Coll., Waltham, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Information Systems Department, Bentley College, Waltham, MA 02452-4705, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139924743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Inf. Syst. Dept., Bentley Coll., Waltham, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139924743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109549460","display_name":"Wendy Lucas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139924743","display_name":"Bentley University","ror":"https://ror.org/01px48m89","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139924743"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendy Lucas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Information Systems Department, Bentley College, Waltham, MA 02452-4705, USA","Comput. Inf. Syst. Dept., Bentley Coll., Waltham, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Information Systems Department, Bentley College, Waltham, MA 02452-4705, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139924743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Inf. Syst. Dept., Bentley Coll., Waltham, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139924743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044218356"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139924743"],"apc_list":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5926,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95741198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"2","first_page":"383","last_page":"403"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13274","display_name":"Expert finding and Q&A systems","score":0.960099995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6801678538322449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.6676483154296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.6629639863967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5551007986068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.45236629247665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.45018306374549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-analytics","display_name":"Search analytics","score":0.41700971126556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.26428475975990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12798595428466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07183980941772461}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6801678538322449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.6676483154296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.6629639863967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5551007986068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.45236629247665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.45018306374549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14838553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7441639","display_name":"Search analytics","level":4,"score":0.41700971126556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.26428475975990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12798595428466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07183980941772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0306-4573(02)00092-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4573(02)00092-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174847851","display_name":"Information Processing & Management","issn_l":"0306-4573","issn":["0306-4573","1873-5371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing & Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109019349","https://openalex.org/W179879056","https://openalex.org/W337501202","https://openalex.org/W623126501","https://openalex.org/W1518561229","https://openalex.org/W1553682320","https://openalex.org/W1554861613","https://openalex.org/W1957814662","https://openalex.org/W1964038241","https://openalex.org/W1966270718","https://openalex.org/W1982889956","https://openalex.org/W1982896842","https://openalex.org/W1983305247","https://openalex.org/W1995101231","https://openalex.org/W2007807439","https://openalex.org/W2032480780","https://openalex.org/W2039986606","https://openalex.org/W2046325278","https://openalex.org/W2050636981","https://openalex.org/W2053921957","https://openalex.org/W2061700785","https://openalex.org/W2061849422","https://openalex.org/W2069958126","https://openalex.org/W2071098104","https://openalex.org/W2077924815","https://openalex.org/W2080998760","https://openalex.org/W2081980806","https://openalex.org/W2084220856","https://openalex.org/W2085685753","https://openalex.org/W2088653250","https://openalex.org/W2093583221","https://openalex.org/W2102397668","https://openalex.org/W2104009457","https://openalex.org/W2115276990","https://openalex.org/W2122341517","https://openalex.org/W2124449410","https://openalex.org/W2129022247","https://openalex.org/W2139268109","https://openalex.org/W2146733310","https://openalex.org/W2154843911","https://openalex.org/W2156821914","https://openalex.org/W2158685692","https://openalex.org/W2166982098","https://openalex.org/W2167026731","https://openalex.org/W2167982713","https://openalex.org/W2407065826","https://openalex.org/W2604884388","https://openalex.org/W3216404684","https://openalex.org/W4205989039","https://openalex.org/W4238430687","https://openalex.org/W4240538493","https://openalex.org/W4245411633","https://openalex.org/W4250832156","https://openalex.org/W6604360554","https://openalex.org/W6607278195","https://openalex.org/W6611570227","https://openalex.org/W6633082358","https://openalex.org/W6641164715","https://openalex.org/W6678456111"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2541377119","https://openalex.org/W2576831414","https://openalex.org/W3100478181","https://openalex.org/W4372346753","https://openalex.org/W2062919806","https://openalex.org/W2374021970","https://openalex.org/W2348885786","https://openalex.org/W2105610009","https://openalex.org/W4244545289","https://openalex.org/W2223855511"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}