{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2023219597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4048(00)07023-1","title":"Word Association Computer Passwords: The Effect of Formulation Techniques on Recall and Guessing Rates","display_name":"Word Association Computer Passwords: The Effect of Formulation Techniques on Recall and Guessing Rates","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2023219597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4048(00)07023-1","mag":"2023219597"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-4048(00)07023-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4048(00)07023-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006051937","display_name":"Rachael Pond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5232-9770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rachael Pond","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021388464","display_name":"John Podd","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Podd","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054122798","display_name":"Julie Bunnell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Bunnell","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113634994","display_name":"Ron Henderson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ron Henderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Psychology, Canberra University, ACT, Australia","Department of Applied Psychology, Canberra University, ACT, Australia#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Psychology, Canberra University, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Psychology, Canberra University, ACT, Australia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006051937"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8482,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90601005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"7","first_page":"645","last_page":"656"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.8009463548660278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.6981920003890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.6959510445594788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6543017625808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-association","display_name":"Word Association","score":0.6331522464752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-recall","display_name":"Free recall","score":0.48378440737724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theme","display_name":"Theme (computing)","score":0.4820338487625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.47831347584724426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42139557003974915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4184318780899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.39130645990371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2510795295238495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.15802216529846191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.12155166268348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.0744156539440155}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.8009463548660278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.6981920003890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6959510445594788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6543017625808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777974174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744875","display_name":"Word Association","level":2,"score":0.6331522464752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36668950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5500279","display_name":"Free recall","level":3,"score":0.48378440737724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33566652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065927","display_name":"Theme (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4820338487625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.47831347584724426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42139557003974915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4184318780899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.39130645990371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2510795295238495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.15802216529846191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.12155166268348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0744156539440155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-4048(00)07023-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4048(00)07023-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1633743783","https://openalex.org/W1968816502","https://openalex.org/W1977161489","https://openalex.org/W1984432218","https://openalex.org/W1986982871","https://openalex.org/W2016605023","https://openalex.org/W2042206148","https://openalex.org/W2053030258","https://openalex.org/W2068659340","https://openalex.org/W2069863414","https://openalex.org/W2071096774","https://openalex.org/W2075940395","https://openalex.org/W2124686424","https://openalex.org/W2163903199","https://openalex.org/W3031091575"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079774992","https://openalex.org/W4242756845","https://openalex.org/W4300023159","https://openalex.org/W1994092988","https://openalex.org/W2069499050","https://openalex.org/W2953285691","https://openalex.org/W2964439197","https://openalex.org/W1987972590","https://openalex.org/W2112889014","https://openalex.org/W2023219597"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
