{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997135707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(96)00082-9","title":"Discretizing continuous neural networks using a polarization learning rule","display_name":"Discretizing continuous neural networks using a polarization learning rule","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997135707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(96)00082-9","mag":"1997135707"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0031-3203(96)00082-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(96)00082-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755772","display_name":"Lifeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5051-5991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lifeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4205, U.S.A","Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, Logan UT 84322\u20104205, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4205, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, Logan UT 84322\u20104205, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035995369","display_name":"He Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6901-3778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H.D. Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4205, U.S.A","Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, Logan UT 84322\u20104205, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4205, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, Logan UT 84322\u20104205, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035995369"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"],"apc_list":{"value":2850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2850},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10775076,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":"253","last_page":"260"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization","display_name":"Discretization","score":0.813972532749176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7158897519111633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-rule","display_name":"Learning rule","score":0.6260375380516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5992169380187988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activation-function","display_name":"Activation function","score":0.5361108183860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.512152910232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4989161491394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.4725247025489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-inference","display_name":"Rule of inference","score":0.4547500014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.4446641504764557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.41001832485198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33792051672935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32348737120628357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.08254531025886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.813972532749176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7158897519111633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779127903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510194","display_name":"Learning rule","level":3,"score":0.6260375380516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5992169380187988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38365724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677469","display_name":"Activation function","level":3,"score":0.5361108183860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.512152910232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4989161491394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.4725247025489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3746660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068763","display_name":"Rule of inference","level":2,"score":0.4547500014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4446641504764557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41001832485198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33792051672935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32348737120628357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.08254531025886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0031-3203(96)00082-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(96)00082-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531857721","https://openalex.org/W1982370770","https://openalex.org/W1990813072","https://openalex.org/W2061315523","https://openalex.org/W2074584543","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2133688510","https://openalex.org/W2165301751","https://openalex.org/W2167378781","https://openalex.org/W2167615167","https://openalex.org/W2920943913","https://openalex.org/W4253020087","https://openalex.org/W6683971319","https://openalex.org/W6684421072","https://openalex.org/W6684678765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2244330272","https://openalex.org/W4323655119","https://openalex.org/W4322621208","https://openalex.org/W4367190755","https://openalex.org/W4375846521","https://openalex.org/W2096446968","https://openalex.org/W134701156","https://openalex.org/W3034464575","https://openalex.org/W1967604662","https://openalex.org/W3105804176"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
