{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417220500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113999","title":"SFGFusion: Surface fitting guided 3D object detection with 4D radar and camera fusion","display_name":"SFGFusion: Surface fitting guided 3D object detection with 4D radar and camera fusion","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417220500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.19215","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083774763","display_name":"Xiaozhi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2135-1323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202334528","display_name":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdzh226","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100278","display_name":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0188rvx33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaozhi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, 100081, Beijing, China","Radar Technology Research Institute, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6699-3891","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, 100081, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Technology Research Institute, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066474034","display_name":"Huijun Di","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-2127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huijun Di","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100606833","display_name":"Jian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6237-2307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202334528","display_name":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdzh226","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100278","display_name":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0188rvx33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, 100081, Beijing, China","Radar Technology Research Institute, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, 100081, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Technology Research Institute, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100639398","display_name":"Feng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5005-9129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101356","display_name":"Beijing Founder Electronics (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00nwrzz95","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101356"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Racobit Electronic Information Technology Co., Ltd., 100097, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Racobit Electronic Information Technology Co., Ltd., 100097, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101356"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029610764","display_name":"Weibo Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8487-3575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066474034"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":{"value":2710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2710},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01369265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"180","issue":null,"first_page":"113999","last_page":"113999"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.4884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.4884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.32510000467300415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.0421999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6736999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6585999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.5848000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.569599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.45840001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.4478999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4147999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.3885999917984009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7749000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6736999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6585999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.651199996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.5848000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.569599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.45840001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4478999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4147999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3885999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.3831999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778999744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208292","display_name":"Point target","level":3,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126422989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93586","display_name":"Feature detection (computer vision)","level":4,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.19215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.19215","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.19215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.19215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.19215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.19215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.19215","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.19215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417220500.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-28T06:12:49.907903","created_date":"2025-10-24T00:00:00"}