{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412644362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2025.112197","title":"GrEp: Graph-based epithelial cell classification refinement in histopathology H&amp;E images","display_name":"GrEp: Graph-based epithelial cell classification refinement in histopathology H&amp;E images","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412644362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2025.112197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2025.112197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2025.112197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2025.112197","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069690158","display_name":"A. Frei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0256-9470"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Leni Frei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118135886","display_name":"Javier Garc\u00eda-Baroja","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Garcia-Baroja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088384165","display_name":"Tilman T. Rau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1251-950X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44260953","display_name":"Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf","ror":"https://ror.org/024z2rq82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tilman Rau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081099676","display_name":"Christina Neppl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44260953","display_name":"Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf","ror":"https://ror.org/024z2rq82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christina Neppl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060747879","display_name":"Alessandro Lugli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9264-5185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Lugli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073013491","display_name":"Wiebke Sola\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-1935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wiebke Solass","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-1935","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059950545","display_name":"Martin Wartenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5378-3825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Wartenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019597653","display_name":"Andreas Fischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0069-3436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154338468","display_name":"University of Fribourg","ror":"https://ror.org/022fs9h90","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154338468"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173439891","display_name":"HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland","ror":"https://ror.org/01xkakk17","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173439891"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109379","display_name":"HES-SO Fribourg","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkwkt79","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173439891","https://openalex.org/I4210109379"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Document, Image and Video Analysis Research Group, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland","University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Fribourg, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0069-3436","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Document, Image and Video Analysis Research Group, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154338468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Fribourg, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173439891","https://openalex.org/I4210109379"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078295184","display_name":"Inti Zlobec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6741-3000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Inti Zlobec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6741-3000","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078295184"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"],"apc_list":{"value":2710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2710},"apc_paid":{"value":2710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2710},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08643514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"171","issue":null,"first_page":"112197","last_page":"112197"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histopathology","display_name":"Histopathology","score":0.5716811418533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5170672535896301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5122196078300476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4572032392024994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3989483118057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.36002373695373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2574535608291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.25288355350494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.14911404252052307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544855455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070952","display_name":"Histopathology","level":2,"score":0.5716811418533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5170672535896301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5122196078300476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4572032392024994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3989483118057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.36002373695373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2574535608291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.25288355350494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.14911404252052307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2025.112197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2025.112197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:freidok.uni-freiburg.de:280275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/280275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401057","display_name":"FreiDok plus (Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Freiburg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","host_organization_name":"University of Freiburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition. - 171 (2026) , 112197, ISSN: 0031-3203","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2025.112197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2025.112197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4856127391","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CRSII5_193832","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310992","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993181228","https://openalex.org/W2013536196","https://openalex.org/W2015062551","https://openalex.org/W2147698761","https://openalex.org/W2168056522","https://openalex.org/W2312404985","https://openalex.org/W2550409828","https://openalex.org/W2969278648","https://openalex.org/W2974825848","https://openalex.org/W2989601473","https://openalex.org/W3037555212","https://openalex.org/W3132111858","https://openalex.org/W3161292244","https://openalex.org/W3204013916","https://openalex.org/W3209367260","https://openalex.org/W4214708455","https://openalex.org/W4221099717","https://openalex.org/W4226429220","https://openalex.org/W4236716275","https://openalex.org/W4236965008","https://openalex.org/W4237729708","https://openalex.org/W4280600117","https://openalex.org/W4287103786","https://openalex.org/W4292566843","https://openalex.org/W4294558607","https://openalex.org/W4295940597","https://openalex.org/W4300596855","https://openalex.org/W4309477120","https://openalex.org/W4312109985","https://openalex.org/W4386969662","https://openalex.org/W4387211101","https://openalex.org/W4389688203","https://openalex.org/W4390874575","https://openalex.org/W4392883923","https://openalex.org/W4393184333","https://openalex.org/W4394744747","https://openalex.org/W4406818372","https://openalex.org/W4409120386","https://openalex.org/W4409627617","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6648764323","https://openalex.org/W6677088747","https://openalex.org/W6677978660","https://openalex.org/W6684306931","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6754929296","https://openalex.org/W6756040250","https://openalex.org/W6767288045","https://openalex.org/W6767611439","https://openalex.org/W6767625215","https://openalex.org/W6778824758","https://openalex.org/W6785231968","https://openalex.org/W6797919498","https://openalex.org/W6800162299","https://openalex.org/W6801590110","https://openalex.org/W6809679946","https://openalex.org/W6810212174","https://openalex.org/W6851004018","https://openalex.org/W6851907948","https://openalex.org/W6856946522","https://openalex.org/W6858044631","https://openalex.org/W6859585742","https://openalex.org/W6862068936","https://openalex.org/W6862934588","https://openalex.org/W6910409674","https://openalex.org/W6966471981","https://openalex.org/W7015792651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3039419443","https://openalex.org/W4386772532","https://openalex.org/W4393212117","https://openalex.org/W2115661411","https://openalex.org/W2399391471","https://openalex.org/W2400254106","https://openalex.org/W2970729894","https://openalex.org/W4381996710","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,93],"automatic":[1],"cell":[2,140],"segmentation":[3],"and":[4,40,50,67,106,115,127,147],"classification":[5,85,101,141],"from":[6],"whole":[7],"slide":[8],"images":[9],"plays":[10],"an":[11],"important":[12],"role":[13],"in":[14,103,145],"digital":[15],"pathology,":[16],"unlocking":[17],"new":[18],"opportunities":[19],"for":[20,142],"biomarker":[21],"discovery.":[22],"Despite":[23],"extensive":[24],"research,":[25],"this":[26,65],"task":[27],"faces":[28],"persistent":[29],"challenges":[30],"such":[31],"as":[32],"the":[33,77,118,121],"differentiation":[34],"of":[35,47,120],"epithelial":[36,48,139],"cells":[37],"into":[38],"normal":[39],"malignant.":[41],"Many":[42],"existing":[43],"models":[44,102],"lack":[45],"reporting":[46],"subtyping,":[49],"when":[51],"available,":[52],"their":[53],"performance":[54],"is":[55],"often":[56],"suboptimal.":[57],"This":[58],"work":[59],"benchmarks":[60],"state-of-the-art":[61,99],"methods":[62],"to":[63,82,109,132,137],"highlight":[64],"limitation":[66],"introduces":[68],"GrEp,":[69],"a":[70,134],"geometric":[71],"deep":[72],"learning":[73],"strategy":[74],"that":[75],"considers":[76],"broader":[78],"epithelium":[79],"tissue":[80,112],"architecture":[81],"infer":[83],"cell-level":[84],"rather":[86],"than":[87],"relying":[88],"exclusively":[89],"on":[90],"nuclei":[91,100],"morphology.":[92],"proposed":[94],"graph-based":[95],"workflow":[96],"significantly":[97],"outperformed":[98],"colorectal":[104],"cancer":[105],"generalized":[107],"effectively":[108],"two":[110],"unseen":[111],"types,":[113],"endometrium":[114],"pancreas,":[116],"proving":[117],"robustness":[119],"geometry-based":[122],"model.":[123],"Given":[124],"its":[125],"speed":[126],"accuracy,":[128],"we":[129],"believe":[130],"GrEp":[131],"be":[133],"valuable":[135],"method":[136],"refine":[138],"downstream":[143],"analyses":[144],"clinical":[146],"research":[148],"settings.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
