{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097932601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2005.10.001","title":"Breast cancer diagnosis using genetic programming generated feature","display_name":"Breast cancer diagnosis using genetic programming generated feature","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097932601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2005.10.001","mag":"2097932601"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2005.10.001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2005.10.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110851572","display_name":"Hong Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Signal Processing and Communications Group, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK","Signal Processing and Communications Group, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Processing and Communications Group, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Processing and Communications Group, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010643037","display_name":"Asoke K. Nandi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6248-2875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Asoke K. Nandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Signal Processing and Communications Group, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK","Signal Processing and Communications Group, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Processing and Communications Group, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Processing and Communications Group, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010643037"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"],"apc_list":{"value":2710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2710},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7644,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":140,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83737606,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"5","first_page":"980","last_page":"987"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.8262959718704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.8029543161392212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-fisher-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Kernel Fisher discriminant analysis","score":0.7315503358840942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fisher-kernel","display_name":"Fisher kernel","score":0.6925459504127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.647574245929718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.6179578304290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scoring-algorithm","display_name":"Scoring algorithm","score":0.5626956224441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5415257811546326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-classifier","display_name":"Linear classifier","score":0.5230289697647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5092012286186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.503229558467865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Optimal discriminant analysis","score":0.47075513005256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.448075532913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4419049024581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.4351782202720642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42942845821380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.42830324172973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminant","display_name":"Discriminant","score":0.4235171675682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disjoint-sets","display_name":"Disjoint sets","score":0.4234987795352936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.4168272614479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.12731391191482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.09788331389427185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.8262959718704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.8029543161392212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181367576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6394184","display_name":"Kernel Fisher discriminant analysis","level":4,"score":0.7315503358840942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207798031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8563425","display_name":"Fisher kernel","level":5,"score":0.6925459504127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.647574245929718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.6179578304290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83282275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7435350","display_name":"Scoring algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5626956224441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5415257811546326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139532973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2679259","display_name":"Linear classifier","level":3,"score":0.5230289697647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5092012286186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.503229558467865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104500394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17104912","display_name":"Optimal discriminant analysis","level":3,"score":0.47075513005256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.448075532913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4419049024581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.4351782202720642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42942845821380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.42830324172973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78397625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192487","display_name":"Discriminant","level":2,"score":0.4235171675682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45340560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215382","display_name":"Disjoint sets","level":2,"score":0.4234987795352936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.4168272614479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.12731391191482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.09788331389427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2005.10.001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2005.10.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W2001003881","https://openalex.org/W2025977267","https://openalex.org/W2042460734","https://openalex.org/W2075956087","https://openalex.org/W2084812512","https://openalex.org/W2105055468","https://openalex.org/W2105678112","https://openalex.org/W2107899042","https://openalex.org/W2109586090","https://openalex.org/W2130028860","https://openalex.org/W2130418330","https://openalex.org/W2135190479","https://openalex.org/W2137611320","https://openalex.org/W2137772040","https://openalex.org/W2160794449","https://openalex.org/W2168807180","https://openalex.org/W2172000360","https://openalex.org/W4210623822","https://openalex.org/W6600291067"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386228546","https://openalex.org/W2354551251","https://openalex.org/W2365801610","https://openalex.org/W2086055175","https://openalex.org/W2235563642","https://openalex.org/W2354349698","https://openalex.org/W2141981133","https://openalex.org/W2150796457","https://openalex.org/W2903240209","https://openalex.org/W2183347758"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}