{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127960986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121789","title":"Influence of cardiac phases on cortico-spinal excitability: Insights from input-output curves","display_name":"Influence of cardiac phases on cortico-spinal excitability: Insights from input-output curves","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127960986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121789","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41655612"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121789","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103225281","display_name":"NeuroImage","issn_l":"1053-8119","issn":["1053-8119","1095-9572"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NeuroImage","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121789","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016284705","display_name":"Paolo Di Luzio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1057-8618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39387349","display_name":"University of Chieti-Pescara","ror":"https://ror.org/00qjgza05","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]}],"countries":["GB","IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Di Luzio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK. Electronic address: paolo.diluzio@essex.ac.uk"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1057-8618","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK. Electronic address: paolo.diluzio@essex.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522","https://openalex.org/I39387349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046720443","display_name":"Mauro Gianni Perrucci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-1623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39387349","display_name":"University of Chieti-Pescara","ror":"https://ror.org/00qjgza05","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Gianni Perrucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies - ITAB, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; UdA-TechLab, Research Center, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-1623","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies - ITAB, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; UdA-TechLab, Research Center, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036554814","display_name":"Francesca Ferri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1821-5870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39387349","display_name":"University of Chieti-Pescara","ror":"https://ror.org/00qjgza05","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Ferri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies - ITAB, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1821-5870","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies - ITAB, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021075643","display_name":"M. Costantini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-7869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39387349","display_name":"University of Chieti-Pescara","ror":"https://ror.org/00qjgza05","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marcello Costantini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies - ITAB, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy. Electronic address: marcello.costantini@unich.it"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies - ITAB, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy. Electronic address: marcello.costantini@unich.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016284705","https://openalex.org/A5021075643"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522","https://openalex.org/I39387349"],"apc_list":{"value":3540,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3540},"apc_paid":{"value":3540,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3540},"fwci":3.7407,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89321862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"328","issue":null,"first_page":"121789","last_page":"121789"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","score":0.8443999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-cycle","display_name":"Cardiac cycle","score":0.7462999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurorehabilitation","display_name":"Neurorehabilitation","score":0.567300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-cortex","display_name":"Motor cortex","score":0.5397999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrophysiology","display_name":"Electrophysiology","score":0.5091000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-motor-cortex","display_name":"Primary motor cortex","score":0.4717000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-electrophysiology","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology","score":0.3790000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.8443999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99398487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257319","display_name":"Cardiac cycle","level":2,"score":0.7462999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510101","display_name":"Neurorehabilitation","level":3,"score":0.567300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778373776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18696","display_name":"Motor cortex","level":3,"score":0.5397999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5292999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185263204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154774","display_name":"Electrophysiology","level":2,"score":0.5091000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780307956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18707","display_name":"Primary motor cortex","level":4,"score":0.4717000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61381695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3302130","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology","level":3,"score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3521000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985799443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955838","display_name":"Brain stimulation","level":3,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779779279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19915308","display_name":"Corticospinal tract","level":4,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57900726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492905","display_name":"Diastole","level":3,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169554166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496359","display_name":"Systole","level":4,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163415756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126473","display_name":"Contraction (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778823896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618678","display_name":"Evoked potential","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47611674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849491","display_name":"Neuroplasticity","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780375056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905905","display_name":"Neuromodulation","level":3,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011712","descriptor_name":"Pyramidal Tracts","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011712","descriptor_name":"Pyramidal Tracts","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013599","descriptor_name":"Systole","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013599","descriptor_name":"Systole","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019054","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Motor","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D046690","descriptor_name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121789","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103225281","display_name":"NeuroImage","issn_l":"1053-8119","issn":["1053-8119","1095-9572"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NeuroImage","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41655612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41655612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NeuroImage","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7d2c3ae839ff434ba1157fb942dc3e4f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7d2c3ae839ff434ba1157fb942dc3e4f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NeuroImage, Vol 328, Iss , Pp 121789- (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121789","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103225281","display_name":"NeuroImage","issn_l":"1053-8119","issn":["1053-8119","1095-9572"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NeuroImage","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5673825144767761}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G658310711","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DM 737/2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323475","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti - Pescara","ror":"https://ror.org/00qjgza05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F5497039910","display_name":"Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito","ror":"https://ror.org/01ehyh486"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":116,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30007414","https://openalex.org/W583980275","https://openalex.org/W809421131","https://openalex.org/W1522809190","https://openalex.org/W1547906203","https://openalex.org/W1556251779","https://openalex.org/W1809394698","https://openalex.org/W1826908028","https://openalex.org/W1927448961","https://openalex.org/W1937068019","https://openalex.org/W1953723063","https://openalex.org/W1967522734","https://openalex.org/W1967525341","https://openalex.org/W1970656481","https://openalex.org/W1972161907","https://openalex.org/W1973279678","https://openalex.org/W1976232249","https://openalex.org/W1978382694","https://openalex.org/W1978873677","https://openalex.org/W1989975892","https://openalex.org/W1990185370","https://openalex.org/W1994425777","https://openalex.org/W1997776459","https://openalex.org/W1998339456","https://openalex.org/W1999323085","https://openalex.org/W2008802771","https://openalex.org/W2010084200","https://openalex.org/W2013548596","https://openalex.org/W2014798867","https://openalex.org/W2018422842","https://openalex.org/W2019289642","https://openalex.org/W2020555660","https://openalex.org/W2022622271","https://openalex.org/W2024845427","https://openalex.org/W2027404236","https://openalex.org/W2029960582","https://openalex.org/W2030125432","https://openalex.org/W2035540062","https://openalex.org/W2039761045","https://openalex.org/W2041140521","https://openalex.org/W2042676202","https://openalex.org/W2042852371","https://openalex.org/W2048069712","https://openalex.org/W2052685640","https://openalex.org/W2056868393","https://openalex.org/W2057566546","https://openalex.org/W2058563631","https://openalex.org/W2066580669","https://openalex.org/W2067841959","https://openalex.org/W2072067337","https://openalex.org/W2073238767","https://openalex.org/W2076109161","https://openalex.org/W2086146474","https://openalex.org/W2087410571","https://openalex.org/W2095053794","https://openalex.org/W2096892196","https://openalex.org/W2097308157","https://openalex.org/W2099452459","https://openalex.org/W2119445707","https://openalex.org/W2122308507","https://openalex.org/W2136022845","https://openalex.org/W2140097457","https://openalex.org/W2145893234","https://openalex.org/W2151899419","https://openalex.org/W2156092714","https://openalex.org/W2159267296","https://openalex.org/W2160519580","https://openalex.org/W2162273778","https://openalex.org/W2169171230","https://openalex.org/W2169496098","https://openalex.org/W2182911455","https://openalex.org/W2192186535","https://openalex.org/W2327924598","https://openalex.org/W2574015980","https://openalex.org/W2594378689","https://openalex.org/W2619754852","https://openalex.org/W2767132872","https://openalex.org/W2789270805","https://openalex.org/W2910468175","https://openalex.org/W2921503875","https://openalex.org/W2942820605","https://openalex.org/W2943687320","https://openalex.org/W2955017040","https://openalex.org/W2977482049","https://openalex.org/W2989645340","https://openalex.org/W3012021902","https://openalex.org/W3012254607","https://openalex.org/W3018854448","https://openalex.org/W3081622934","https://openalex.org/W3107081100","https://openalex.org/W3112473805","https://openalex.org/W3113034604","https://openalex.org/W3113400159","https://openalex.org/W3127132973","https://openalex.org/W3168039501","https://openalex.org/W3180046818","https://openalex.org/W3196236258","https://openalex.org/W4221043850","https://openalex.org/W4223601421","https://openalex.org/W4239931281","https://openalex.org/W4280615554","https://openalex.org/W4292672263","https://openalex.org/W4304080733","https://openalex.org/W4323834777","https://openalex.org/W4361306774","https://openalex.org/W4384501601","https://openalex.org/W4386609900","https://openalex.org/W4389099778","https://openalex.org/W4389897632","https://openalex.org/W4391428433","https://openalex.org/W4394010883","https://openalex.org/W4403335471","https://openalex.org/W4404650993","https://openalex.org/W4410990466","https://openalex.org/W4415440515","https://openalex.org/W7119641293"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visceral":[0],"signals,":[1],"such":[2],"as":[3],"cardiac":[4,36,48,72,102,116,165,178,191],"oscillations,":[5],"are":[6],"considered":[7],"a":[8,44,122,129,146,238],"significant":[9,186],"source":[10],"influencing":[11],"ongoing":[12],"cortical":[13,51],"activity.":[14,42],"Research":[15],"has":[16],"shown":[17],"that":[18,31,154,177],"perceptual":[19],"and":[20,50,74,109,145,198,222,235],"cognitive":[21],"functions":[22],"fluctuate":[23],"with":[24,82,211],"the":[25,69,85,162,169,190,227],"heart":[26],"cycle.":[27],"Seminal":[28],"studies":[29],"proposed":[30],"upstream":[32],"signals":[33,73,179],"tied":[34],"to":[35,101,230],"contraction":[37],"(i.e.,":[38],"systole)":[39],"inhibit":[40],"brain":[41,182,206],"However,":[43],"clear":[45],"relationship":[46],"between":[47,71,107],"phases":[49,212],"excitability,":[52,183],"measured":[53],"by":[54,137,161,168],"motor-evoked":[55],"potentials":[56],"(MEPs)":[57],"via":[58],"transcranial":[59],"magnetic":[60],"stimulation":[61,143,207],"(TMS),":[62],"is":[63],"not":[64],"yet":[65],"established.":[66],"To":[67],"examine":[68],"link":[70],"corticospinal":[75],"excitability":[76,215],"(CSE),":[77],"we":[78],"combined":[79],"electrophysiological":[80,199],"measures":[81],"TMS":[83,197],"targeting":[84],"left":[86],"motor":[87,223],"cortex":[88],"(lM1)":[89],"in":[90,196,245],"healthy":[91],"individuals.":[92],"Input-output":[93],"(I/O)":[94],"curves":[95,127],"of":[96,132,164,171,213,232,241],"MEPs":[97,155],"were":[98],"modelled":[99],"relative":[100],"phases,":[103],"assessing":[104],"CSE":[105,133],"variations":[106],"systole":[108],"diastole.":[110],"We":[111],"also":[112,152],"investigated":[113],"how":[114],"different":[115],"output":[117],"affect":[118],"MEP":[119,139],"amplitudes":[120,140],"on":[121],"trial-by-trial":[123],"basis.":[124],"Overall,":[125],"I/O":[126],"highlighted":[128],"greater":[130],"inhibition":[131],"during":[134],"systoles,":[135],"characterized":[136],"decreased":[138],"at":[141],"maximal":[142],"intensities":[144],"diminished":[147],"corticomotor":[148],"gain.":[149],"Trial-by-trial":[150],"assessment":[151],"indicated":[153],"amplitude":[156],"may":[157,218,236],"be":[158],"negatively":[159],"affected":[160],"strength":[163],"output,":[166],"indexed":[167],"length":[170],"interbeat-intervals":[172],"(IBIs).":[173],"These":[174],"findings":[175],"suggest":[176],"actively":[180],"modulate":[181],"which":[184],"holds":[185],"implications.":[187],"Accounting":[188],"for":[189],"cycle":[192],"can":[193],"reduce":[194],"variability":[195],"studies,":[200],"improving":[201],"reproducibility.":[202],"Clinically,":[203],"aligning":[204],"non-invasive":[205],"or":[208],"neurorehabilitation":[209],"protocols":[210],"higher":[214],"(e.g.,":[216],"diastole)":[217],"enhance":[219],"treatment":[220],"efficacy":[221],"recovery.":[224],"More":[225],"broadly,":[226],"results":[228],"contribute":[229],"models":[231],"brain-body":[233],"interaction":[234],"provide":[237],"physiological":[239],"marker":[240],"altered":[242],"heart-brain":[243],"coupling":[244],"clinical":[246],"populations.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-05T08:02:43.246662","created_date":"2026-02-07T00:00:00"}
