{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407264274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2025.107246","title":"PrediRep: Modeling hierarchical predictive coding with an unsupervised deep learning network","display_name":"PrediRep: Modeling hierarchical predictive coding with an unsupervised deep learning network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407264274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2025.107246","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39946763"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2025.107246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2025.107246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2025.107246","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000064211","display_name":"Ibrahim C. Hashim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim C. Hashim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: ibrahimhashim.coding@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4487-9180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: ibrahimhashim.coding@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060427954","display_name":"Mario Senden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5598-6167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Senden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: mario.senden@maastrichtuniversity.nl"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5598-6167","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: mario.senden@maastrichtuniversity.nl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026206233","display_name":"Rainer Goebel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1780-2467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rainer Goebel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1780-2467","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000064211"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01436666,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"185","issue":null,"first_page":"107246","last_page":"107246"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.96670001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-coding","display_name":"Predictive coding","score":0.8482584357261658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6686419248580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6584979295730591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5038937926292419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.49617013335227966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.48029372096061707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.48013731837272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.40465402603149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32126617431640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10539072751998901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.057211995124816895}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315146","display_name":"Predictive coding","level":3,"score":0.8482584357261658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6686419248580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6584979295730591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5038937926292419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.49617013335227966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.48029372096061707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.48013731837272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.40465402603149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32126617431640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10539072751998901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.057211995124816895}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2025.107246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2025.107246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39946763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39946763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire/b2b16464-4017-46ff-8811-979a878522a4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/b2b16464-4017-46ff-8811-979a878522a4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hashim, I C, Senden, M & Goebel, R 2025, 'PrediRep : Modeling hierarchical predictive coding with an unsupervised deep learning network', Neural Networks, vol. 185, 107246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2025.107246","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2025.107246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2025.107246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4530127105","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"945539","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485009520","https://openalex.org/W1504499192","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1540247133","https://openalex.org/W1977683420","https://openalex.org/W2098580305","https://openalex.org/W2114069527","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2116435618","https://openalex.org/W2117731089","https://openalex.org/W2119885245","https://openalex.org/W2120079537","https://openalex.org/W2125663122","https://openalex.org/W2127958135","https://openalex.org/W2130068631","https://openalex.org/W2131352719","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2150355110","https://openalex.org/W2153791616","https://openalex.org/W2158261978","https://openalex.org/W2168202614","https://openalex.org/W2175030374","https://openalex.org/W2187281534","https://openalex.org/W2279620263","https://openalex.org/W2286419477","https://openalex.org/W2547057105","https://openalex.org/W2552737632","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2793696519","https://openalex.org/W2912269676","https://openalex.org/W2980588456","https://openalex.org/W3016391357","https://openalex.org/W3016954138","https://openalex.org/W3022649450","https://openalex.org/W3023772498","https://openalex.org/W3046950512","https://openalex.org/W3094049042","https://openalex.org/W3112045404","https://openalex.org/W3184778028","https://openalex.org/W3205786327","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4230449744","https://openalex.org/W4230819937","https://openalex.org/W4249502209","https://openalex.org/W4294554810","https://openalex.org/W4297772798","https://openalex.org/W4309475065","https://openalex.org/W4321274996","https://openalex.org/W4365483405","https://openalex.org/W4376647638","https://openalex.org/W6638286568","https://openalex.org/W6651855952","https://openalex.org/W6675834387","https://openalex.org/W6679123138","https://openalex.org/W6681585217","https://openalex.org/W6712884540","https://openalex.org/W6726983635","https://openalex.org/W6777284635","https://openalex.org/W6810381270","https://openalex.org/W6852078480"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2955990109","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W2017266518","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W4230611425","https://openalex.org/W4294635752","https://openalex.org/W4304166257","https://openalex.org/W4220926404","https://openalex.org/W3123344745"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hierarchical":[0],"predictive":[1,239],"coding":[2,240],"(hPC)":[3],"provides":[4,208],"a":[5,58,91,154,209],"compelling":[6],"framework":[7],"for":[8,50,157,213,229],"understanding":[9],"how":[10],"the":[11,27,235],"cortex":[12],"predicts":[13],"future":[14,230],"sensory":[15],"inputs":[16],"by":[17,35,75,124],"minimizing":[18],"prediction":[19,93,172],"errors":[20],"through":[21],"an":[22,104],"internal":[23],"generative":[24],"model":[25,155],"of":[26,70,84,217,238],"external":[28],"world.":[29],"Existing":[30],"deep":[31,60,120],"learning":[32,61,121],"models":[33,86],"inspired":[34,123],"hPC":[36,44,81,194,205],"incorporate":[37],"architectural":[38,68,188],"choices":[39],"that":[40,63,83,98,185],"deviate":[41],"from":[42,190],"core":[43],"principles,":[45,206],"potentially":[46],"limiting":[47],"their":[48],"utility":[49],"neuroscientific":[51,158,191],"investigations.":[52],"We":[53,72],"introduce":[54],"PrediRep":[55,74,147,207],"(Predicting":[56],"Representations),":[57],"novel":[59],"network":[62],"adheres":[64],"more":[65,210],"closely":[66],"to":[67,82,117,151,162,197,204,233,242],"principles":[69],"hPC.":[71,114],"validate":[73],"comparing":[76],"its":[77],"functional":[78,111,199],"alignment":[79,112],"with":[80,103,113],"existing":[85],"after":[87],"being":[88],"trained":[89,102],"on":[90],"next-frame":[92,171],"task.":[94],"Our":[95,182],"findings":[96],"demonstrate":[97],"PrediRep,":[99],"particularly":[100],"when":[101],"all-level":[105],"loss":[106],"function":[107],"(PrediRepAll),":[108],"exhibits":[109],"high":[110],"In":[115],"contrast":[116],"other":[118],"contemporary":[119],"networks":[122],"hPC,":[125],"it":[126,165,227],"consistently":[127],"processes":[128],"input-relevant":[129],"information":[130],"at":[131],"higher":[132],"hierarchical":[133,144],"levels":[134],"and":[135,139,222,241],"maintains":[136],"active":[137],"representations":[138],"accurate":[140,211],"predictions":[141],"across":[142],"all":[143],"levels.":[145],"Although":[146],"was":[148],"designed":[149],"primarily":[150],"serve":[152],"as":[153],"suitable":[156],"research":[159],"rather":[160],"than":[161,179],"optimize":[163],"performance,":[164],"nevertheless":[166],"achieves":[167],"competitive":[168],"performance":[169],"in":[170,214],"while":[173],"utilizing":[174],"significantly":[175],"fewer":[176],"trainable":[177],"parameters":[178],"alternative":[180],"models.":[181],"results":[183],"underscore":[184],"even":[186],"minor":[187],"deviations":[189],"theories":[192],"like":[193],"can":[195],"lead":[196],"significant":[198],"discrepancies.":[200],"By":[201],"faithfully":[202],"adhering":[203],"tool":[212],"silico":[215],"exploration":[216],"cortical":[218],"phenomena.":[219],"PrediRep's":[220],"lightweight":[221],"biologically":[223],"plausible":[224],"design":[225],"makes":[226],"well-suited":[228],"studies":[231],"aiming":[232],"investigate":[234],"neural":[236],"underpinnings":[237],"derive":[243],"empirically":[244],"testable":[245],"predictions.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-02-08T00:00:00"}
