{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319919521","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2023.01.027","title":"Emphasizing unseen words: New vocabulary acquisition for end-to-end speech recognition","display_name":"Emphasizing unseen words: New vocabulary acquisition for end-to-end speech recognition","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319919521","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2023.01.027","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36805264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2023.01.027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2023.01.027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2023.01.027","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023714181","display_name":"Leyuan Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6694-5355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}],"countries":["CN","DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leyuan Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Knowledge Technology, Department of Informatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Artificial Intelligence, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China. Electronic address: qu@informatik.uni-hamburg.de","Department of Artificial Intelligence, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China","Knowledge Technology, Department of Informatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6694-5355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Knowledge Technology, Department of Informatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Artificial Intelligence, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China. Electronic address: qu@informatik.uni-hamburg.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Knowledge Technology, Department of Informatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102025003","display_name":"Cornelius Weber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5163-938X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70451448","display_name":"HAW Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fkqwx76","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70451448"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I884043246","display_name":"Hamburg University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs1pb34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cornelius Weber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Knowledge Technology, Department of Informatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address: cornelius.weber@uni-hamburg.de","Knowledge Technology, Department of Informatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Knowledge Technology, Department of Informatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address: cornelius.weber@uni-hamburg.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70451448","https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I884043246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Knowledge Technology, Department of Informatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033486668","display_name":"Stefan Wermter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1343-4775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I884043246","display_name":"Hamburg University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs1pb34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Wermter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Knowledge Technology, Department of Informatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address: stefan.wermter@uni-hamburg.de","Knowledge Technology, Department of Informatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Knowledge Technology, Department of Informatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address: stefan.wermter@uni-hamburg.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I884043246","https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Knowledge Technology, Department of Informatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023714181"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210123185"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"fwci":2.0449,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88941464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"161","issue":null,"first_page":"494","last_page":"504"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7417658567428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6528952121734619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.543218731880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5276882648468018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.5233147144317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utterance","display_name":"Utterance","score":0.5170546174049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4874327480792999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4727291166782379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forgetting","display_name":"Forgetting","score":0.4723205268383026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.4236566424369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.41566187143325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.32369446754455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10227757692337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.07490777969360352}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7417658567428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6528952121734619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.543218731880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5276882648468018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.5233147144317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775852435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258403","display_name":"Utterance","level":2,"score":0.5170546174049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4874327480792999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4727291166782379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7149132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377840","display_name":"Forgetting","level":2,"score":0.4723205268383026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.4236566424369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.41566187143325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.32369446754455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10227757692337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.07490777969360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2023.01.027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2023.01.027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36805264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36805264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2302.09723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2302.09723","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.09723","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2023.01.027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2023.01.027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6276684567","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TRR 169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":106,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W854541894","https://openalex.org/W1604697534","https://openalex.org/W1710082047","https://openalex.org/W1828163288","https://openalex.org/W1855892484","https://openalex.org/W1992912377","https://openalex.org/W2089917322","https://openalex.org/W2118375831","https://openalex.org/W2121227244","https://openalex.org/W2122364000","https://openalex.org/W2127141656","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2144499799","https://openalex.org/W2162390675","https://openalex.org/W2168231600","https://openalex.org/W2193413348","https://openalex.org/W2263232528","https://openalex.org/W2407080277","https://openalex.org/W2526425061","https://openalex.org/W2560647685","https://openalex.org/W2570861022","https://openalex.org/W2585105539","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2696967604","https://openalex.org/W2739883972","https://openalex.org/W2749514303","https://openalex.org/W2766812927","https://openalex.org/W2767601419","https://openalex.org/W2787663903","https://openalex.org/W2788388592","https://openalex.org/W2802023636","https://openalex.org/W2883586237","https://openalex.org/W2889012072","https://openalex.org/W2889367162","https://openalex.org/W2891205112","https://openalex.org/W2936774411","https://openalex.org/W2940180244","https://openalex.org/W2963091184","https://openalex.org/W2963414781","https://openalex.org/W2963483399","https://openalex.org/W2964243274","https://openalex.org/W2972439411","https://openalex.org/W2972625221","https://openalex.org/W2972977747","https://openalex.org/W2973133192","https://openalex.org/W2973215447","https://openalex.org/W3006752097","https://openalex.org/W3008480565","https://openalex.org/W3015449694","https://openalex.org/W3015457435","https://openalex.org/W3015537910","https://openalex.org/W3016010032","https://openalex.org/W3016234571","https://openalex.org/W3025528898","https://openalex.org/W3093073011","https://openalex.org/W3095173472","https://openalex.org/W3097777922","https://openalex.org/W3107298252","https://openalex.org/W3111562797","https://openalex.org/W3117987410","https://openalex.org/W3138833245","https://openalex.org/W3152221657","https://openalex.org/W3160484768","https://openalex.org/W3162244132","https://openalex.org/W4206174637","https://openalex.org/W4221167707","https://openalex.org/W4237959174","https://openalex.org/W4376546649","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6623517193","https://openalex.org/W6635824723","https://openalex.org/W6639156005","https://openalex.org/W6648602273","https://openalex.org/W6672625215","https://openalex.org/W6676562027","https://openalex.org/W6677767948","https://openalex.org/W6678277124","https://openalex.org/W6681794868","https://openalex.org/W6683722107","https://openalex.org/W6684859321","https://openalex.org/W6687566353","https://openalex.org/W6693183768","https://openalex.org/W6728030952","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6739992741","https://openalex.org/W6745697700","https://openalex.org/W6746299031","https://openalex.org/W6746574493","https://openalex.org/W6746700228","https://openalex.org/W6747398299","https://openalex.org/W6748477376","https://openalex.org/W6751183075","https://openalex.org/W6753186555","https://openalex.org/W6755811826","https://openalex.org/W6759349629","https://openalex.org/W6768024419","https://openalex.org/W6769971416","https://openalex.org/W6771884467","https://openalex.org/W6771907615","https://openalex.org/W6772959282","https://openalex.org/W6773159235","https://openalex.org/W6774760564","https://openalex.org/W6786599525","https://openalex.org/W6787183823","https://openalex.org/W6793527289","https://openalex.org/W6794817438"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365815255","https://openalex.org/W2039663730","https://openalex.org/W1566315437","https://openalex.org/W2594897229","https://openalex.org/W2151348424","https://openalex.org/W4221142855","https://openalex.org/W2050138804","https://openalex.org/W2129812225","https://openalex.org/W4290708361","https://openalex.org/W2523799048"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,14,32,41,74,81,89,92,96,100,217],"the":[2,69,106,123,148,175,179,194],"dynamic":[3],"nature":[4],"of":[5,46,115,150,242],"human":[6],"language,":[7],"automatic":[8],"speech":[9],"recognition":[10],"(ASR)":[11],"systems":[12,35,87],"need":[13],"continuously":[15],"acquire":[16],"new":[17,27],"vocabulary.":[18],"Out-Of-Vocabulary":[19],"(OOV)":[20],"words,":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23],"trending":[24],"words":[25,77,84,119,130],"and":[26,67,88,153,159,215,221,234],"named":[28],"entities,":[29],"pose":[30],"problems":[31],"modern":[33],"ASR":[34,244],"that":[36,168,183],"require":[37],"long":[38],"training":[39,111],"times":[40],"adapt":[42],"their":[43],"large":[44],"numbers":[45],"parameters.":[47],"Different":[48],"from":[49],"most":[50],"previous":[51,166],"research":[52],"focusing":[53],"on":[54,62,138,178,193,202,224],"language":[55],"model":[56,137,154],"post-processing,":[57],"we":[58,104,145],"tackle":[59],"this":[60],"problem":[61],"an":[63,243],"earlier":[64],"processing":[65],"level":[66],"eliminate":[68],"bias":[70],"in":[71],"acoustic":[72],"modeling":[73],"recognize":[75],"OOV":[76,83,101,118,129,225],"acoustically.":[78],"We":[79],"propose":[80],"generate":[82],"using":[85],"text-to-speech":[86],"rescale":[90,122],"losses":[91],"encourage":[93],"neural":[94,112],"networks":[95],"pay":[97],"more":[98,210],"attention":[99],"words.":[102],"Specifically,":[103],"enlarge":[105],"classification":[107],"loss":[108,151,186,232],"used":[109,125],"for":[110,126,128],"networks'":[113],"parameters":[114],"utterances":[116],"containing":[117],"(sentence-level),":[120],"or":[121],"gradient":[124],"back-propagation":[127],"(word-level),":[131],"when":[132],"fine-tuning":[133],"a":[134,199],"previously":[135],"trained":[136],"synthetic":[139,171],"audio.":[140],"To":[141],"overcome":[142],"catastrophic":[143],"forgetting,":[144],"also":[146],"explore":[147],"combination":[149],"rescaling":[152,187,208,214,233],"regularization,":[155],"i.e.":[156],"L2":[157],"regularization":[158],"elastic":[160],"weight":[161,235],"consolidation":[162,236],"(EWC).":[163],"Compared":[164],"with":[165,173,197],"methods":[167,237],"just":[169],"fine-tune":[170],"audio":[172],"EWC,":[174],"experimental":[176],"results":[177],"LibriSpeech":[180],"benchmark":[181],"reveal":[182],"our":[184,229],"proposed":[185,230],"approach":[188],"can":[189,238],"achieve":[190],"significant":[191],"improvement":[192],"recall":[195,219],"rate":[196],"only":[198],"slight":[200],"decrease":[201],"word":[203,226],"error":[204],"rate.":[205],"Moreover,":[206],"word-level":[207],"is":[209],"stable":[211],"than":[212],"utterance-level":[213],"leads":[216],"higher":[218],"rates":[220,223],"precision":[222],"recognition.":[227],"Furthermore,":[228],"combined":[231],"support":[239],"continual":[240],"learning":[241],"system.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}