{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4303520744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104218","title":"Longitudinal deep learning clustering of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus trajectories using routinely collected health records","display_name":"Longitudinal deep learning clustering of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus trajectories using routinely collected health records","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4303520744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104218","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36216232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11622463","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","issn_l":"1532-0464","issn":["1532-0464","1532-0480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104218","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046464594","display_name":"Enrico Manzini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2961-5335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105141","display_name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gm5f004","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446393","display_name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u","ror":"https://ror.org/00gy2ar74","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4388446393"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Manzini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Centre in the subject area of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Madrid, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: enrico.manzini@upc.edu","Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","Networking Biomedical Research Centre in the subject area of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Madrid, Spain","Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Centre in the subject area of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Madrid, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: enrico.manzini@upc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848","https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Networking Biomedical Research Centre in the subject area of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446393"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034010147","display_name":"Bogdan Vlacho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3768-8112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129525","display_name":"Institut Universitari d'Investigaci\u00f3 en Atenci\u00f3 Prim\u00e0ria Jordi Gol","ror":"https://ror.org/0370bpp07","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129525"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bogdan Vlacho","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Fundaci\u00f2 Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenci\u00f2 Prim\u00e0ria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Fundaci\u00f2 Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenci\u00f2 Prim\u00e0ria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014656891","display_name":"Josep Franch\u2010Nadal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5175-1555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801357902","display_name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","ror":"https://ror.org/00ca2c886","country_code":"ES","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902","https://openalex.org/I4387152914"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092133","display_name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas","ror":"https://ror.org/00dwgct76","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902","https://openalex.org/I4210092133","https://openalex.org/I4387152914"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129525","display_name":"Institut Universitari d'Investigaci\u00f3 en Atenci\u00f3 Prim\u00e0ria Jordi Gol","ror":"https://ror.org/0370bpp07","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129525"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153292","display_name":"Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut","ror":"https://ror.org/04wkdwp52","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058","https://openalex.org/I4210153292"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josep Franch-Nadal","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Fundaci\u00f2 Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenci\u00f2 Prim\u00e0ria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM CB15/00071), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Primary Health Care Center Raval Sud, Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain","DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Fundaci\u00f2 Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenci\u00f2 Prim\u00e0ria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barelona, Spain","Primary Health Care Center Raval Sud, Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain","Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM CB15/00071), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Fundaci\u00f2 Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenci\u00f2 Prim\u00e0ria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM CB15/00071), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Primary Health Care Center Raval Sud, Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129525","https://openalex.org/I4210153292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Fundaci\u00f2 Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenci\u00f2 Prim\u00e0ria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Primary Health Care Center Raval Sud, Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM CB15/00071), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902","https://openalex.org/I4210092133"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081989478","display_name":"Joan Escudero","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joan Escudero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grupo Pulso, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grupo Pulso, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005456355","display_name":"Ana G\u00e9nova","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana G\u00e9nova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grupo Pulso, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grupo Pulso, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088054009","display_name":"Elisenda Reixach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8557-0771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157913058","display_name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/01bg62x04","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095713","display_name":"Departament de Salut","ror":"https://ror.org/00nyrjc53","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058","https://openalex.org/I4210095713"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisenda Reixach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fundaci\u00f3 TIC Salut Social, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fundaci\u00f3 TIC Salut Social, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095713","https://openalex.org/I157913058"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044711715","display_name":"Erik Andr\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9710-0491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157913058","display_name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/01bg62x04","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095713","display_name":"Departament de Salut","ror":"https://ror.org/00nyrjc53","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058","https://openalex.org/I4210095713"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Andr\u00e9s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fundaci\u00f3 TIC Salut Social, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fundaci\u00f3 TIC Salut Social, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095713","https://openalex.org/I157913058"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053410120","display_name":"Israel Pizarro","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Israel Pizarro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Novo Nordisk, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novo Nordisk, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037822717","display_name":"Jos\u00e9-Luis Portero","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9-Luis Portero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Novo Nordisk, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novo Nordisk, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012291664","display_name":"D\u0131\u0301dac Mauricio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2868-0250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115304662","display_name":"Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/006zjws59","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115304662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801357902","display_name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","ror":"https://ror.org/00ca2c886","country_code":"ES","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902","https://openalex.org/I4387152914"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092133","display_name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas","ror":"https://ror.org/00dwgct76","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902","https://openalex.org/I4210092133","https://openalex.org/I4387152914"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129525","display_name":"Institut Universitari d'Investigaci\u00f3 en Atenci\u00f3 Prim\u00e0ria Jordi Gol","ror":"https://ror.org/0370bpp07","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129525"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D\u00eddac Mauricio","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Fundaci\u00f2 Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenci\u00f2 Prim\u00e0ria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM CB15/00071), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain. Electronic address: didacmauricio@gmail.com","Department of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain","Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM CB15/00071), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain","DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Fundaci\u00f2 Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenci\u00f2 Prim\u00e0ria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Fundaci\u00f2 Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenci\u00f2 Prim\u00e0ria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM CB15/00071), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain. Electronic address: didacmauricio@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115304662"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM CB15/00071), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902","https://openalex.org/I4210092133"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Fundaci\u00f2 Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenci\u00f2 Prim\u00e0ria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041616492","display_name":"Alexandre Perera-Lluna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6427-851X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105141","display_name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gm5f004","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446393","display_name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u","ror":"https://ror.org/00gy2ar74","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4388446393"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Perera-Lluna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Centre in the subject area of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Madrid, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain","Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","Networking Biomedical Research Centre in the subject area of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Madrid, Spain","Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Centre in the subject area of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Madrid, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Networking Biomedical Research Centre in the subject area of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446393"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012291664","https://openalex.org/A5046464594"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115304662","https://openalex.org/I2801357902","https://openalex.org/I4210092133","https://openalex.org/I4210105141","https://openalex.org/I4210129525","https://openalex.org/I4388446393","https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"apc_list":{"value":2980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2980},"apc_paid":{"value":2980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2980},"fwci":2.3593,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90203916,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"135","issue":null,"first_page":"104218","last_page":"104218"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.7499172687530518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycated-hemoglobin","display_name":"Glycated hemoglobin","score":0.7370407581329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7095921039581299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5589146018028259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.5432028770446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","score":0.5272936820983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.48139262199401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.4472784996032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.44464555382728577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.38079628348350525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","score":0.37747836112976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36429885029792786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3632916808128357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.28579652309417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endocrinology","display_name":"Endocrinology","score":0.15281790494918823}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.7499172687530518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777538456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311213","display_name":"Glycated hemoglobin","level":4,"score":0.7370407581329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7095921039581299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5589146018028259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5432028770446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.5272936820983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.48139262199401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4472784996032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.44464555382728577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.38079628348350525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.37747836112976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36429885029792786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3632916808128357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.28579652309417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.15281790494918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006442","descriptor_name":"Glycated Hemoglobin","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006442","descriptor_name":"Glycated Hemoglobin","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006442","descriptor_name":"Glycated Hemoglobin","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11622463","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","issn_l":"1532-0464","issn":["1532-0464","1532-0480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36216232","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36216232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of biomedical informatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ddd.uab.cat:283207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ddd.uab.cat/record/283207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400380","display_name":"Dip\u00f2sit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","host_organization_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/374733","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/374733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11622463","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","issn_l":"1532-0464","issn":["1532-0464","1532-0480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2640468998","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DPI2017-89827-R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3167547831","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"780262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334923","funder_display_name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5218991717","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TEC2014-60337-R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307758","display_name":"Eli Lilly and Company","ror":"https://ror.org/01qat3289"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307770","display_name":"AstraZeneca","ror":"https://ror.org/04r9x1a08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307781","display_name":"Sanofi","ror":"https://ror.org/027vj4x92"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310388","display_name":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/028fhxy95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322436","display_name":"Novo Nordisk","ror":"https://ror.org/0435rc536"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323089","display_name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina","ror":"https://ror.org/01gm5f004"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/03sv46s19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328222","display_name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas","ror":"https://ror.org/00dwgct76"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328526","display_name":"Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut","ror":"https://ror.org/04wkdwp52"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334923","display_name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","ror":"https://ror.org/00ca2c886"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335503","display_name":"Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2066015134","https://openalex.org/W2068772668","https://openalex.org/W2096849238","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2122653375","https://openalex.org/W2183377990","https://openalex.org/W2298208730","https://openalex.org/W2404901863","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2604269166","https://openalex.org/W2748018347","https://openalex.org/W2790501791","https://openalex.org/W2800283810","https://openalex.org/W2800752439","https://openalex.org/W2800776805","https://openalex.org/W2805089815","https://openalex.org/W2807593075","https://openalex.org/W2890857765","https://openalex.org/W2942642824","https://openalex.org/W2963912395","https://openalex.org/W2964211103","https://openalex.org/W2972869264","https://openalex.org/W2987169144","https://openalex.org/W3036199105","https://openalex.org/W3039352388","https://openalex.org/W3111435945","https://openalex.org/W3118466084","https://openalex.org/W3128045483","https://openalex.org/W3164114481","https://openalex.org/W3168683031","https://openalex.org/W3183848791","https://openalex.org/W3203616178","https://openalex.org/W4231842606","https://openalex.org/W4253996779","https://openalex.org/W6632367172","https://openalex.org/W6713413269","https://openalex.org/W6751521395","https://openalex.org/W6758694400","https://openalex.org/W6779988842","https://openalex.org/W6796121746","https://openalex.org/W6798812331"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2159052453","https://openalex.org/W2669956259","https://openalex.org/W4249005693","https://openalex.org/W2997921738","https://openalex.org/W142180345","https://openalex.org/W4220926404","https://openalex.org/W2965146396","https://openalex.org/W2770818364","https://openalex.org/W3123344745","https://openalex.org/W4388026237"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Type":[0],"2":[1],"diabetes":[2,156],"mellitus":[3],"(T2DM)":[4],"is":[5,205],"a":[6,37,52,83],"highly":[7],"heterogeneous":[8],"chronic":[9],"disease":[10,58],"with":[11,51,80],"different":[12,117,130,212],"pathophysiological":[13],"and":[14,22,33,49,89,151,159,201],"genetic":[15],"characteristics":[16,48],"affecting":[17],"its":[18],"progression,":[19],"associated":[20],"complications":[21],"response":[23],"to":[24,45,70,112,144,209,215],"therapies.":[25],"The":[26],"advances":[27],"in":[28,82,93,147,164,192],"deep":[29],"learning":[30],"(DL)":[31],"techniques":[32],"the":[34,96,99,104,120,139,169,181,211,216],"availability":[35],"of":[36,40,74,76,95,98,119],"large":[38],"amount":[39],"healthcare":[41],"data":[42,75],"allow":[43],"us":[44],"investigate":[46],"T2DM":[47,81],"evolution":[50,97],"completely":[53],"new":[54],"approach,":[55],"studying":[56],"common":[57],"trajectories":[59,213],"rather":[60],"than":[61],"cross":[62],"sectional":[63],"values.":[64],"We":[65],"used":[66,108],"an":[67],"Kernelized-AutoEncoder":[68],"algorithm":[69,127],"map":[71],"5":[72],"years":[73,161],"11,028":[77],"subjects":[78],"diagnosed":[79],"latent":[84,105],"space":[85],"that":[86],"embedded":[87],"similarities":[88],"differences":[90],"between":[91],"patients":[92],"terms":[94],"disease.":[100,122],"Once":[101],"we":[102,107],"obtained":[103],"space,":[106],"classical":[109],"clustering":[110,126],"algorithms":[111],"create":[113],"longitudinal":[114,131],"clusters":[115,140,148,193],"representing":[116],"evolutions":[118],"diabetic":[121],"Our":[123],"unsupervised":[124],"DL":[125],"suggested":[128],"seven":[129],"clusters.":[132,218],"Different":[133],"mean":[134],"ages":[135],"were":[136],"observed":[137,190],"among":[138],"(ranging":[141],"from":[142],"65.3\u00b111.6":[143],"72.8\u00b19.4).":[145],"Subjects":[146,163],"B":[149],"(Hypercholesteraemic)":[150],"E":[152,179],"(Hypertensive)":[153],"had":[154,168,180],"shorter":[155],"duration":[157],"(9.2\u00b13.9":[158],"9.5\u00b13.9":[160],"respectively).":[162],"Cluster":[165],"G":[166],"(Metabolic)":[167],"poorest":[170],"glycaemic":[171],"control":[172],"(mean":[173,184],"glycated":[174,185],"hemoglobin":[175,186],"7.99\u00b11.42%),":[176],"while":[177],"cluster":[178],"best":[182],"one":[183],"7.04\u00b11.11%).":[187],"Obesity":[188],"was":[189],"mainly":[191],"A":[194,203],"(Neuropathic),":[195],"C":[196],"(Multiple":[197],"Complications),":[198],"F":[199],"(Retinopathy)":[200],"G.":[202],"dashboard":[204],"available":[206],"at":[207],"dm2.b2slab.upc.edu":[208],"visualize":[210],"corresponding":[214],"7":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-22T08:38:42.863108","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
