{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415224633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104899","title":"Cumulative and component impacts of the human footprint on remotely sensed biodiversity indicators using dissimilarity to high integrity reference states","display_name":"Cumulative and component impacts of the human footprint on remotely sensed biodiversity indicators using dissimilarity to high integrity reference states","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415224633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jag.2025.104899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179989","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","issn_l":"0303-2434","issn":["0303-2434","1569-8432","1872-826X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104899","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080922045","display_name":"Evan R. Muise","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-3220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Evan R. Muise","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Resource Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-3220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Resource Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050842469","display_name":"Nicholas C. Coops","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0151-9037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas C. Coops","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Resource Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0151-9037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Resource Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010745625","display_name":"Christopher Mulverhill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-7432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Mulverhill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Resource Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-7432","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Resource Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021319086","display_name":"Txomin Hermosilla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5445-0360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280367701","display_name":"Canadian Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/0430zw506","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280367701","https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281735042","display_name":"Natural Resources Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/05hepy730","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Txomin Hermosilla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canadian Forest Service (Pacific Forestry Centre), Natural Resources Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5445-0360","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canadian Forest Service (Pacific Forestry Centre), Natural Resources Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280367701","https://openalex.org/I1281735042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111499348","display_name":"A. Cole Burton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Cole Burton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Resource Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Resource Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009242393","display_name":"Stephen S. Ban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5033-3370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087158","display_name":"Ministry of Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/000w5kn77","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087158"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen S. Ban","raw_affiliation_strings":["BC Parks, Ministry of Environment and Parks, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5033-3370","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BC Parks, Ministry of Environment and Parks, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080922045"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2400},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2400},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17090663,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"144","issue":null,"first_page":"104899","last_page":"104899"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiversity","display_name":"Biodiversity","score":0.5946000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.5181000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat","display_name":"Habitat","score":0.5128999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-ecology","display_name":"Forest ecology","score":0.5127000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overexploitation","display_name":"Overexploitation","score":0.42890000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-footprint","display_name":"Ecological footprint","score":0.4255000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem-services","display_name":"Ecosystem services","score":0.4235000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxy","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-complexity","display_name":"Structural complexity","score":0.3587999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy","display_name":"Occupancy","score":0.35510000586509705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.5946000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5845000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.5645999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.5181000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.5128999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73935091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2249329","display_name":"Forest ecology","level":3,"score":0.5127000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.46320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152613627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3050262","display_name":"Overexploitation","level":2,"score":0.42890000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83516724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234173","display_name":"Ecological footprint","level":3,"score":0.4255000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58941895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295865","display_name":"Ecosystem services","level":3,"score":0.4235000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509619924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17130757","display_name":"Structural complexity","level":2,"score":0.3587999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29985473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188460","display_name":"Natural resource","level":2,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64229544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552431","display_name":"Habitat destruction","level":3,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153427425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864294","display_name":"Biodiversity hotspot","level":3,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188117511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3153777","display_name":"Biological integrity","level":3,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780737616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82673","display_name":"Conservation status","level":3,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28631016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372561","display_name":"Forest management","level":2,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775917145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680750","display_name":"Adaptive management","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130094819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333882","display_name":"Ecosystem management","level":3,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168956269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150128","display_name":"Ecological indicator","level":3,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6330744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3481436","display_name":"Habitat conservation","level":3,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203132368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3373696","display_name":"Intact forest landscape","level":4,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87690585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738011","display_name":"Landscape ecology","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jag.2025.104899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179989","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","issn_l":"0303-2434","issn":["0303-2434","1569-8432","1872-826X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:95b32f0ac3674548a8f626edaf898b16","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/95b32f0ac3674548a8f626edaf898b16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation, Vol 144, Iss , Pp 104899- (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jag.2025.104899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179989","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","issn_l":"0303-2434","issn":["0303-2434","1569-8432","1872-826X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7411535842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2024-04402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540596182","https://openalex.org/W1730937402","https://openalex.org/W1835530525","https://openalex.org/W1863591865","https://openalex.org/W1889848888","https://openalex.org/W1967687438","https://openalex.org/W1980691613","https://openalex.org/W2012494163","https://openalex.org/W2019988428","https://openalex.org/W2028240797","https://openalex.org/W2029941278","https://openalex.org/W2048463265","https://openalex.org/W2057116594","https://openalex.org/W2061920292","https://openalex.org/W2090491989","https://openalex.org/W2100524057","https://openalex.org/W2106584184","https://openalex.org/W2113410727","https://openalex.org/W2121044470","https://openalex.org/W2123810646","https://openalex.org/W2123955485","https://openalex.org/W2143015828","https://openalex.org/W2143777190","https://openalex.org/W2169286869","https://openalex.org/W2169900815","https://openalex.org/W2196682695","https://openalex.org/W2242822758","https://openalex.org/W2411334469","https://openalex.org/W2439576902","https://openalex.org/W2508921413","https://openalex.org/W2584218285","https://openalex.org/W2585546872","https://openalex.org/W2614464134","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2743298634","https://openalex.org/W2790602384","https://openalex.org/W2795268736","https://openalex.org/W2804233742","https://openalex.org/W2886463967","https://openalex.org/W2897285410","https://openalex.org/W2900494555","https://openalex.org/W2909750297","https://openalex.org/W2964051653","https://openalex.org/W2982168029","https://openalex.org/W2982620409","https://openalex.org/W3003509779","https://openalex.org/W3015526299","https://openalex.org/W3025652605","https://openalex.org/W3041913847","https://openalex.org/W3047739710","https://openalex.org/W3091428573","https://openalex.org/W3101183821","https://openalex.org/W3113240611","https://openalex.org/W3157504330","https://openalex.org/W3172789769","https://openalex.org/W3183595417","https://openalex.org/W3214533654","https://openalex.org/W4223930765","https://openalex.org/W4225504456","https://openalex.org/W4226528359","https://openalex.org/W4307348936","https://openalex.org/W4317500274","https://openalex.org/W4319453991","https://openalex.org/W4361010807","https://openalex.org/W4388201888","https://openalex.org/W4389037968","https://openalex.org/W4389425736","https://openalex.org/W4391931594","https://openalex.org/W4393984589","https://openalex.org/W4399053634","https://openalex.org/W4399687064","https://openalex.org/W4400279486","https://openalex.org/W4401249289","https://openalex.org/W4401745233","https://openalex.org/W4408016369","https://openalex.org/W4408576678"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u2022":[0,15,29,45],"Quantifies":[1],"ecological":[2,62,146,152,250],"dissimilarity":[3,147,263,281,325,336],"using":[4,194],"remote-sensing":[5],"derived":[6],"biodiversity":[7,67],"indicators":[8],"as":[9,88,148,165,172,174],"a":[10,31,47,110,122,140,149],"proxy":[11,150],"for":[12,50,55,66,121,151,185,343,356],"forest":[13,22,43,53,113,134,161,261,303],"integrity.":[14,28,153],"Demonstrates":[16],"that":[17,259,295,316],"anthropogenic":[18,246,273,287,296],"pressures":[19,86,297],"significantly":[20],"influence":[21,302,334],"structural":[23,135,162,222,262,324,335],"integrity,":[24],"but":[25],"not":[26,283,333],"functional":[27,224,280],"Employs":[30],"robust":[32],"matching":[33,197],"technique":[34],"to":[35,101,144,198,212,226,267,300,350,353],"ensure":[36,199],"comparisons":[37,201],"are":[38,64,99],"made":[39],"against":[40],"suitable":[41,205],"high-integrity":[42,52,107,228,345,381],"analogs.":[44,207],"Provides":[46],"scalable":[48],"methodology":[49],"identifying":[51,344],"ecosystems":[54,376],"conservation":[56,68,125],"and":[57,69,83,95,136,158,170,223,235,244,306,320],"restoration.":[58],"Forests":[59],"with":[60],"high":[61,270],"integrity":[63,114,157,251],"fundamental":[65],"provide":[70],"integral":[71],"ecosystem":[72,80],"services.":[73],"These":[74,341],"forests":[75,229,253,346],"have":[76],"natural":[77,93],"or":[78,104,358],"near-natural":[79],"structure,":[81],"function,":[82],"composition.":[84],"Anthropogenic":[85],"such":[87,164],"habitat":[89],"loss,":[90],"overexploitation":[91],"of":[92,106,124,252,272,371,374],"resources,":[94],"land":[96],"use":[97],"changes":[98],"leading":[100],"the":[102,175,219,232,249,255,365],"degradation":[103],"loss":[105],"forests.":[108],"As":[109],"result,":[111],"assessing":[112],"over":[115],"large":[116],"areas":[117,352],"is":[118],"increasingly":[119],"important":[120],"range":[123],"initiatives.":[126],"In":[127],"this":[128],"study,":[129],"we":[130,217,314],"used":[131,349],"remote":[132],"sensing-derived":[133],"functioning":[137],"metrics":[138],"alongside":[139],"high-quality":[141],"reference":[142,191],"state":[143],"calculate":[145],"We":[154,187,208,239,257],"examined":[155],"stand-level":[156],"focused":[159],"on":[160,254,380],"attributes":[163],"canopy":[166,304],"height,":[167],"cover,":[168],"complexity,":[169],"biomass,":[171],"well":[173],"Dynamic":[176],"Habitat":[177],"Indices,":[178],"which":[179,360],"summarize":[180],"annual":[181],"energy":[182,309],"availability":[183],"relevant":[184],"biodiversity.":[186],"further":[188],"refined":[189],"our":[190,200],"states":[192],"by":[193,285],"coarsened":[195],"exact":[196],"were":[202,298],"drawn":[203],"from":[204,265],"protected":[206,237],"applied":[209],"these":[210],"methods":[211,342],"Vancouver":[213],"Island,":[214],"Canada,":[215],"where":[216],"assessed":[218,241],"distance,":[220],"in":[221,231,361],"space,":[225],"matched":[227],"found":[230,258,315],"island\u2019s":[233],"oldest":[234],"largest":[236],"area.":[238],"also":[240],"how":[242],"individual":[243,312],"cumulative":[245],"pressure":[247,274,288],"affect":[248],"island.":[256],"mean":[260],"increased":[264],"0.79":[266],"1.61":[268],"under":[269],"levels":[271],"(ANOVA;":[275,289,326,337],"p":[276,290,327,338],"<":[277,328],"0.001),":[278],"while":[279,330,378],"was":[282],"impacted":[284],"any":[286],">":[291,339],"0.05).":[292,340],"This":[293],"indicates":[294],"observed":[299],"directly":[301],"characteristics,":[305],"less":[307],"so":[308],"availability.":[310],"For":[311],"pressures,":[313],"built":[317],"environments,":[318],"harvesting,":[319],"population":[321],"density":[322],"influenced":[323],"0.05),":[329],"roads":[331],"did":[332],"can":[347],"be":[348,354],"identify":[351],"prioritized":[355],"protection":[357],"restoration,":[359],"turn":[362],"progresses":[363],"towards":[364],"Kunming-Montreal":[366],"Global":[367],"Biodiversity":[368],"Framework\u2019s":[369],"goal":[370],"30":[372],"%":[373],"all":[375],"protected,":[377],"focusing":[379],"ecosystems.":[382]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-16T00:00:00"}