{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7087785910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104896","title":"Mapping internal farm roadways to identify runoff accumulation areas using an integrated GIS, aerial imagery and deep learning approach in grassland farms","display_name":"Mapping internal farm roadways to identify runoff accumulation areas using an integrated GIS, aerial imagery and deep learning approach in grassland farms","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7087785910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104896"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jag.2025.104896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179989","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","issn_l":"0303-2434","issn":["0303-2434","1569-8432","1872-826X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104896","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lungile Senteni Sifundza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1687-8518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141766778","display_name":"Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/03sx84n71","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141766778"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lungile Senteni Sifundza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland","School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1687-8518","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141766778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"John G. Murnane","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John G. Murnane","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Russell Adams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6324-0963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141766778","display_name":"Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/03sx84n71","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141766778"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russell Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6324-0963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141766778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Karen Daly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2259-7162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141766778","display_name":"Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/03sx84n71","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141766778"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen Daly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2259-7162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141766778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wahaj Habib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-2148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wahaj Habib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Discipline of Geography, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-2148","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Geography, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Patrick Tuohy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141766778","display_name":"Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/03sx84n71","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141766778"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Tuohy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Cork, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Cork, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141766778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Owen Fenton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141766778","display_name":"Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/03sx84n71","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141766778"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Owen Fenton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141766778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141766778","https://openalex.org/I230495080"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2400},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2400},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61613101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"144","issue":null,"first_page":"104896","last_page":"104896"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12243","display_name":"Research in Cotton Cultivation","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12243","display_name":"Research in Cotton Cultivation","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10184","display_name":"Plant Molecular Biology Research","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11237","display_name":"Plant Gene Expression Analysis","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-runoff","display_name":"Surface runoff","score":0.7329000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.5182999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.47769999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grassland","display_name":"Grassland","score":0.47540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.47360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.40939998626708984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.7329000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5745999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5182999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.47769999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775835988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006733","display_name":"Grassland","level":2,"score":0.47540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.47360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.39649999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124203675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320048","display_name":"Runoff curve number","level":3,"score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81461190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167466","display_name":"Temperate climate","level":2,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7879346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130265","display_name":"Hydraulic engineering","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988134249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22932371","display_name":"Deep water","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987819851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191839","display_name":"Aerial imagery","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jag.2025.104896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179989","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","issn_l":"0303-2434","issn":["0303-2434","1569-8432","1872-826X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:78a5bad2f6e74ff6a3f2386d71757345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/78a5bad2f6e74ff6a3f2386d71757345","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation, Vol 144, Iss , Pp 104896- (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jag.2025.104896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179989","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","issn_l":"0303-2434","issn":["0303-2434","1569-8432","1872-826X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.7406646609306335}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310042","display_name":"Aspen Center for Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/05gqcbq50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320835","display_name":"Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbqeh37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320849","display_name":"Teagasc","ror":"https://ror.org/03sx84n71"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981646498","https://openalex.org/W2022902702","https://openalex.org/W2028629255","https://openalex.org/W2041314474","https://openalex.org/W2076714162","https://openalex.org/W2295664972","https://openalex.org/W2466298210","https://openalex.org/W2594203750","https://openalex.org/W2890554434","https://openalex.org/W2921476973","https://openalex.org/W2972050298","https://openalex.org/W3003523018","https://openalex.org/W3030938252","https://openalex.org/W3096044153","https://openalex.org/W4288722736","https://openalex.org/W4292212540","https://openalex.org/W4296354516","https://openalex.org/W4304845751","https://openalex.org/W4309007405","https://openalex.org/W4379051541","https://openalex.org/W4392241443","https://openalex.org/W4395048693","https://openalex.org/W4399593088","https://openalex.org/W4401605787","https://openalex.org/W4402604586","https://openalex.org/W4405409485"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u2022":[0,13,25],"Good":[1],"performance":[2,192],"of":[3,110,162,193,213,216,233,239,274],"the":[4,20,70,153,177,227,234,240,271,293],"deep":[5,96,131,228],"learning":[6,97,132,229],"model":[7,133,167,180,188],"in":[8,74,279,286],"extracting":[9],"internal":[10,99,139,217],"farm":[11,16,40,100,140,218,287,305],"roadways.":[12,288],"TWI":[14],"identified":[15,283],"roadway":[17,30,41,71,78,90,101,122,149,157,235,254,306],"sections":[18,150,255],"with":[19,159,183,256,270],"potential":[21,154],"to":[22,28,47,52,114,120,134,155,250,265,303],"accumulate":[23],"runoff.":[24],"If":[26],"mobilised":[27],"waterbodies,":[29],"runoff":[31,79,125,158,244,259,307],"can":[32],"negatively":[33],"affect":[34],"water":[35,86,163],"quality.":[36,87],"In":[37,268],"temperate":[38],"regions,":[39],"networks":[42,91],"exist":[43],"on":[44,69,220],"grassland":[45,222],"farms":[46,223,241],"provide":[48,297],"an":[49,116,190,298],"efficient":[50,301],"means":[51],"move":[53],"dairy":[54],"and":[55,61,124,137,146,171,176,198,207,300],"beef":[56],"animals":[57],"between":[58],"grazed":[59],"paddocks":[60],"farmyards.":[62],"During":[63],"their":[64],"movement,":[65],"excreta":[66],"is":[67],"deposited":[68],"surface,":[72],"resulting":[73],"phosphorus":[75],"(P)":[76],"enriched":[77],"during":[80],"rainfall":[81],"events,":[82],"which":[83],"could":[84],"impact":[85],"Although":[88],"national":[89],"have":[92,152],"been":[93],"mapped":[94],"using":[95,142,226],"approaches,":[98],"network":[102,236],"mapping":[103,123],"remains":[104],"a":[105,130],"knowledge":[106],"gap.":[107],"The":[108,186,289],"objectives":[109],"this":[111,281],"study":[112,282,290],"were":[113,174,224],"develop":[115],"integrated":[117],"workflow":[118],"tailored":[119],"agricultural":[121],"risk":[126,161],"assessment":[127],"through":[128],"training":[129],"automatically":[135],"detect":[136],"map":[138],"roadways":[141,219],"high-resolution":[143],"aerial":[144],"imagery":[145],"further":[147],"evaluating":[148],"that":[151,292],"generate":[156],"associated":[160],"pollution.":[164],"Three":[165],"(3)":[166],"architectures":[168],"(U-Net,":[169],"PSPNet":[170,182],"DeepLab":[172],"V3+)":[173],"tested":[175],"best":[178],"performing":[179],"was":[181],"ResNet-50":[184],"backbone.":[185],"selected":[187],"demonstrated":[189],"overall":[191,208],"0.79,":[194],"0.86,":[195],"0.82,":[196],"0.69":[197],"0.90":[199],"for":[200],"precision,":[201],"recall,":[202],"F":[203],"1":[204],"score":[205],"IoU":[206],"accuracy,":[209],"respectively.":[210],"A":[211],"total":[212],"34.6":[214],"km":[215],"10":[221],"extracted":[225],"model.":[230],"Further":[231],"analysis":[232],"from":[237,247,262],"each":[238],"indicated":[242],"\u201chigh":[243],"susceptibility\u201d":[245],"ranging":[246],"8.3":[248],"%":[249,264],"20":[251],"%.":[252,267],"Farm":[253],"\u201cvery":[257],"high":[258],"potential\u201d":[260],"ranged":[261],"0.6":[263],"4.9":[266],"comparison":[269],"existing":[272],"dataset":[273],"P":[275],"flow":[276],"delivery":[277],"paths":[278],"Ireland,":[280],"new":[284],"\u2018hotspots\u2019":[285],"showed":[291],"developed":[294],"automated":[295],"models":[296],"important":[299],"tool":[302],"assess":[304],"accumulation":[308],"areas.":[309]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-11T00:00:00"}