{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133319777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2026.104701","title":"S2CR: A self-supervised self-consistency reasoning framework coupled to retrieval-augmented generation","display_name":"S2CR: A self-supervised self-consistency reasoning framework coupled to retrieval-augmented generation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133319777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2026.104701"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2026.104701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2026.104701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174847851","display_name":"Information Processing & Management","issn_l":"0306-4573","issn":["0306-4573","1873-5371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing &amp; Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2026.104701","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127937505","display_name":"Huihui Shao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huihui Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key University Laboratory of Software and Media Technology under Human-Computer Cooperation (Jiangnan University), Wuxi, China","School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3343-1838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key University Laboratory of Software and Media Technology under Human-Computer Cooperation (Jiangnan University), Wuxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108050054","display_name":"Fanyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9937-8534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["HumaniSE Lab, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9937-8534","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HumaniSE Lab, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127995666","display_name":"Shuaiyu Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuaiyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key University Laboratory of Software and Media Technology under Human-Computer Cooperation (Jiangnan University), Wuxi, China","School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8360-9366","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key University Laboratory of Software and Media Technology under Human-Computer Cooperation (Jiangnan University), Wuxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127901370","display_name":"Zhenping Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenping Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key University Laboratory of Software and Media Technology under Human-Computer Cooperation (Jiangnan University), Wuxi, China","School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9481-9599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key University Laboratory of Software and Media Technology under Human-Computer Cooperation (Jiangnan University), Wuxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5127901370"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"],"apc_list":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"apc_paid":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26648422,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"6","first_page":"104701","last_page":"104701"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.5008000135421753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.5008000135421753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.1371999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.04879999905824661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.836899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5554999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.45739999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-consistency","display_name":"Data consistency","score":0.44029998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.4174000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-consistency","display_name":"Local consistency","score":0.4009999930858612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.836899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5554999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.45739999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93361087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4426698","display_name":"Data consistency","level":2,"score":0.44029998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.424699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.4174000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137105694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3407510","display_name":"Local consistency","level":4,"score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89288958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301504","display_name":"Reasoning system","level":2,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.3971000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97364631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484284","display_name":"Deductive reasoning","level":2,"score":0.38940000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37279795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2492305","display_name":"Consistency model","level":3,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3154999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554403","display_name":"Duality (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43971567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142865","display_name":"Logical reasoning","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44616089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30158686","display_name":"Constraint satisfaction","level":3,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20693621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6667502","display_name":"Logical framework","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2026.104701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2026.104701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174847851","display_name":"Information Processing & Management","issn_l":"0306-4573","issn":["0306-4573","1873-5371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing &amp; Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2026.104701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2026.104701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174847851","display_name":"Information Processing & Management","issn_l":"0306-4573","issn":["0306-4573","1873-5371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing &amp; Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.528997540473938}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G119171554","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327794","display_name":"Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202712981","https://openalex.org/W4402354899","https://openalex.org/W4404845198","https://openalex.org/W4404947271","https://openalex.org/W4406086381","https://openalex.org/W4406911809","https://openalex.org/W4408378580","https://openalex.org/W4408887525","https://openalex.org/W4408977202","https://openalex.org/W4409243237"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"approaches":[1],"to":[2,90,163],"the":[3,17,45,71,106,119],"self-consistency":[4,155],"exploration":[5],"in":[6,65],"Large":[7],"Language":[8],"Models":[9],"(LLMs)":[10],"primarily":[11],"rely":[12],"on":[13,137],"post-hoc":[14],"selection,":[15],"overlooking":[16],"inherent":[18],"logical":[19,98],"structures":[20],"essential":[21],"for":[22,56,80,88],"reasoning.":[23],"To":[24],"address":[25],"this":[26],"gap,":[27],"we":[28],"pioneer":[29],"a":[30,39],"new":[31],"perspective":[32],"by":[33,100],"introducing":[34],"S":[35,147],"2":[36,148],"CR":[37,149],",":[38,173],"self-supervised":[40],"reasoning":[41,93],"framework":[42,63],"that":[43,146],"presents":[44],"LLM":[46],"consistency":[47,99,120],"from":[48,104,161],"internal":[49,154],"modeling":[50],"while":[51],"coupling":[52],"retrieval-augmented":[53],"generation":[54],"(RAG)":[55],"knowledge":[57,73],"integration":[58],"and":[59,76,109,112,130,143,156,176,180],"process":[60],"supervision.":[61],"This":[62],"operates":[64],"four":[66],"stages:":[67],"Information":[68],"Retrieval":[69],"patches":[70],"parametric":[72],"of":[74,153],"LLMs":[75],"provides":[77],"factual":[78],"grounding":[79],"evaluation;":[81],"Response":[82],"Generation":[83],"generates":[84],"multiple":[85],"candidate":[86],"responses":[87,108],"input":[89],"explore":[91],"diverse":[92,169],"paths;":[94],"Consistency":[95],"Evaluation":[96],"quantifies":[97],"aligning":[101],"extracted":[102],"triples":[103],"both":[105],"generated":[107],"retrieval":[110],"information;":[111],"Duality":[113],"Synergy":[114],"Optimization":[115],"(DSOP)":[116],"further":[117],"bolsters":[118],"performance":[121,159],"through":[122],"two":[123],"complementary":[124],"modules,":[125],"Introspection-Driven":[126],"Self-correction":[127],"Guidance":[128],"(IDSG)":[129],"Fine-Grained":[131],"Consensus":[132],"Alignment":[133],"(FGCA).":[134],"Experiments":[135],"conducted":[136],"three":[138],"public":[139],"datasets":[140],"POPQA,":[141],"Biography,":[142],"ALCE-ASQA":[144],"demonstrate":[145],"achieves":[150],"objective":[151],"quantification":[152],"significantly":[157],"improves":[158],"ranging":[160],"3.19%":[162],"23.49%":[164],"over":[165],"Baseline":[166],"\u22c4":[167],"across":[168],"foundational":[170],"LLMs,":[171],"e.g.":[172],"GPT-3.5-turbo,":[174],"GPT-4o,":[175],"open-source":[177],"models":[178],"LLaMA3-8B":[179],"LLaMA3-70B.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-14T06:11:07.267592","created_date":"2026-03-04T00:00:00"}
