{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416940110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2025.101842","title":"Analyzing the influence of users, devices, and search engines on viral spread in the social internet of things","display_name":"Analyzing the influence of users, devices, and search engines on viral spread in the social internet of things","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416940110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2025.101842"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.iot.2025.101842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2025.101842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174276","display_name":"Internet of Things","issn_l":"2542-6605","issn":["2542-6605","2543-1536"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internet of Things","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2025.101842","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042295346","display_name":"Chenquan Gan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0453-5630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenquan Gan","raw_affiliation_strings":["organization=School of Communications and Information Engineering, organization=Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, city=Chongqing, postcode=400065, country=China","organization=School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, city=Chongqing, postcode=400065, country=China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0453-5630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"organization=School of Communications and Information Engineering, organization=Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, city=Chongqing, postcode=400065, country=China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"organization=School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, city=Chongqing, postcode=400065, country=China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hongming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6738-7742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["organization=School of Communications and Information Engineering, organization=Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, city=Chongqing, postcode=400065, country=China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6738-7742","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"organization=School of Communications and Information Engineering, organization=Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, city=Chongqing, postcode=400065, country=China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yi Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3779-6973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["organization=School of Communications and Information Engineering, organization=Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, city=Chongqing, postcode=400065, country=China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3779-6973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"organization=School of Communications and Information Engineering, organization=Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, city=Chongqing, postcode=400065, country=China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100571929","display_name":"Liang Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["organization=School of Computer Science and Technology, organization=Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, city=Chongqing, postcode=400065, country=China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2657-5315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"organization=School of Computer Science and Technology, organization=Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, city=Chongqing, postcode=400065, country=China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065959325","display_name":"Qingyi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1168-1599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["organization=School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, city=Chongqing, postcode=400065, country=China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1168-1599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"organization=School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, city=Chongqing, postcode=400065, country=China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Deepak Kumar Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3400-1613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN","IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepak Kumar Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["organization=Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Industrial Equipment of Ministry of Education, organization=Dalian University of Technology, city=Dalian, postcode=116024, country=China","organization=Symbiosis Institute of Technology, organization=Symbiosis International University, city=Pune, postcode=412115, country=India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3400-1613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"organization=Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Industrial Equipment of Ministry of Education, organization=Dalian University of Technology, city=Dalian, postcode=116024, country=China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"organization=Symbiosis Institute of Technology, organization=Symbiosis International University, city=Pune, postcode=412115, country=India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038322250","display_name":"Vitomir \u0160truc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3385-5780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vitomir \u0160truc","raw_affiliation_strings":["organization=University of Ljubljana, organization=Faculty of Electrical Engineering, addressline=Trzaska cesta 25, SI-1000, city=Ljubljana, country=Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3385-5780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"organization=University of Ljubljana, organization=Faculty of Electrical Engineering, addressline=Trzaska cesta 25, SI-1000, city=Ljubljana, country=Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038322250"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"],"apc_list":{"value":2010,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2010},"apc_paid":{"value":2010,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2010},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38487803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":null,"first_page":"101842","last_page":"101842"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.32600000500679016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.32600000500679016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.18320000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.093299999833107,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5982999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5965999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5748000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network-analysis","display_name":"Social network analysis","score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-virus","display_name":"Computer virus","score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","score":0.30869999527931213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6531000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5982999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5965999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5748000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3458000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114713312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551269","display_name":"Social network analysis","level":3,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19407854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485","display_name":"Computer virus","level":2,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187008535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204255","display_name":"Viral marketing","level":3,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2621000111103058}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.iot.2025.101842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2025.101842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174276","display_name":"Internet of Things","issn_l":"2542-6605","issn":["2542-6605","2543-1536"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internet of Things","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repozitorij.uni-lj.si:IzpisGradiva.php?id=177397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=177397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196268","display_name":"Repository of the University of Ljubljana (University of Ljubljana)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","host_organization_name":"University of Ljubljana","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 2542-6605","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.iot.2025.101842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2025.101842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174276","display_name":"Internet of Things","issn_l":"2542-6605","issn":["2542-6605","2543-1536"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internet of Things","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","ror":"https://ror.org/059bp8k51"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964350677","https://openalex.org/W1989312118","https://openalex.org/W2026892459","https://openalex.org/W2045915248","https://openalex.org/W2118129996","https://openalex.org/W2125307802","https://openalex.org/W2465493577","https://openalex.org/W2548426745","https://openalex.org/W2548498961","https://openalex.org/W2598078237","https://openalex.org/W2614632423","https://openalex.org/W2748044899","https://openalex.org/W2793340687","https://openalex.org/W2904394492","https://openalex.org/W2908376761","https://openalex.org/W2917431889","https://openalex.org/W2962697100","https://openalex.org/W2965390643","https://openalex.org/W2971054328","https://openalex.org/W2999010333","https://openalex.org/W3017752520","https://openalex.org/W3030416048","https://openalex.org/W3033706928","https://openalex.org/W3097052068","https://openalex.org/W3113952141","https://openalex.org/W4205403399","https://openalex.org/W4220836074","https://openalex.org/W4281995621","https://openalex.org/W4289307808","https://openalex.org/W4321438384","https://openalex.org/W4372311864"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Social":[1],"Internet":[2,9],"of":[3,10,41,70,96,104,168,176,188,221],"Things":[4,11],"(SIoT)":[5],"seamlessly":[6],"integrates":[7],"the":[8,17,39,61,82,93,102,142,165,169,177,185,196,219,222],"(IoT)":[12],"with":[13],"social":[14],"networks,":[15],"intensifying":[16],"interconnections":[18],"among":[19],"objects,":[20],"humans,":[21],"and":[22,31,57,107,133,184,205,216],"their":[23,160],"interactions.":[24],"While":[25,66],"SIoT":[26,55,153,170],"facilitates":[27],"rapid":[28],"information":[29],"access":[30],"sharing":[32],"through":[33],"search":[34,108,131],"engines,":[35,132],"it":[36],"also":[37,163,203],"increases":[38],"risk":[40],"computer":[42],"virus":[43,116,189,199],"propagation.":[44],"It":[45],"is,":[46],"therefore,":[47],"critical":[48],"to":[49,63,139,181],"understand":[50],"how":[51],"viruses":[52],"propagate":[53],"in":[54,81,90,99,152,191],"networks":[56],"which":[58],"factors":[59],"contribute":[60],"most":[62],"viral":[64,97,150],"spread.":[65],"such":[67,124],"understanding":[68],"is":[69,179,202],"paramount":[71],"importance,":[72],"comprehensive":[73,173],"studies":[74],"on":[75,149,156,210],"this":[76,86,91],"topic":[77],"are":[78,208],"still":[79],"limited":[80],"literature.":[83],"To":[84,193],"address":[85],"gap,":[87],"we":[88,111],"study":[89],"paper":[92],"long-term":[94],"behavior":[95],"spread":[98,151],"SIoT,":[100],"examining":[101],"roles":[103],"users,":[105],"devices,":[106],"engines.":[109],"Specifically,":[110],"propose":[112],"a":[113,146,198],"novel":[114],"dynamical":[115],"propagation":[117,190,200],"model":[118,144,178],"that":[119],"accounts":[120],"for":[121],"key":[122,186],"factors,":[123,159],"as":[125],"user":[126],"awareness,":[127],"device":[128],"security":[129],"levels,":[130],"external":[134],"storage":[135],"media.":[136],"In":[137],"comparison":[138],"competing":[140],"solutions,":[141],"proposed":[143],"offers":[145],"unique":[147],"perspective":[148],"by":[154],"focusing":[155],"multiple":[157,206],"influential":[158],"interactions,":[161],"while":[162],"considering":[164],"inherent":[166],"characteristics":[167],"framework.":[171],"A":[172],"theoretical":[174,223],"analysis":[175],"conducted":[180,209],"identify":[182],"patterns":[183],"aspects":[187],"SIoT.":[192],"further":[194],"validate":[195],"findings,":[197],"algorithm":[201],"designed,":[204],"simulations":[207],"two":[211],"real":[212],"network":[213],"datasets":[214],"(Facebook":[215],"P2P),":[217],"demonstrating":[218],"validity":[220],"findings.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-22T13:39:03.778224","created_date":"2025-12-03T00:00:00"}