{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417466443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2025.108330","title":"Exploiting Modular Redundancy for approximating Random Forest classifiers","display_name":"Exploiting Modular Redundancy for approximating Random Forest classifiers","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417466443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2025.108330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.future.2025.108330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2025.108330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186357190","display_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","issn_l":"0167-739X","issn":["0167-739X","1872-7115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2025.108330","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052367717","display_name":"Antonio Emmanuele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3677-7685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117450","display_name":"Federico II University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02jr6tp70","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117450","https://openalex.org/I71267560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Emmanuele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio, 21, Naples, 80125, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3677-7685","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio, 21, Naples, 80125, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117450","https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040622270","display_name":"Mario Barbareschi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1417-6328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117450","display_name":"Federico II University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02jr6tp70","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117450","https://openalex.org/I71267560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Barbareschi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio, 21, Naples, 80125, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1417-6328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio, 21, Naples, 80125, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117450","https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074986688","display_name":"Alberto Bosio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6116-7339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100532134","display_name":"Lyon 1 Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/029brtt94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112936343","display_name":"\u00c9cole Centrale de Lyon","ror":"https://ror.org/05s6rge65","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112936343","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800958632","display_name":"Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsk0b74","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I112936343","https://openalex.org/I112936343","https://openalex.org/I113428412","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I2800958632","https://openalex.org/I4405259976","https://openalex.org/I4405263940","https://openalex.org/I48430043","https://openalex.org/I48430043","https://openalex.org/I59692284"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48430043","display_name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es de Lyon","ror":"https://ror.org/050jn9y42","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I48430043"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Bosio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, 36 Av. Guy de Collongue, \u00c9cully, 69130, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6116-7339","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, 36 Av. Guy de Collongue, \u00c9cully, 69130, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I112936343","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2800958632","https://openalex.org/I48430043"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052367717"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117450","https://openalex.org/I71267560"],"apc_list":{"value":3340,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3340},"apc_paid":{"value":3340,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3340},"fwci":1.8881,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9105157,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"179","issue":null,"first_page":"108330","last_page":"108330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.1387999951839447,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.1387999951839447,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.10429999977350235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.10010000318288803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.7710999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.6229000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.6017000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5031999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4884999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4318000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-resource","display_name":"Computational resource","score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4066999852657318}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.7710999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.6229000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6017000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5031999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4884999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47189998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4666000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4318000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127964446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1092142","display_name":"Computational resource","level":3,"score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4066999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.3944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3458000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101722063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218825","display_name":"Random access","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.future.2025.108330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2025.108330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186357190","display_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","issn_l":"0167-739X","issn":["0167-739X","1872-7115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.future.2025.108330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2025.108330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186357190","display_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","issn_l":"0167-739X","issn":["0167-739X","1872-7115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G123641739","display_name":"Adaptive architectures for embedded artificial INtelliGence","funder_award_id":"ANR-23-PEIA-0009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011114139","https://openalex.org/W2120185818","https://openalex.org/W2987201163","https://openalex.org/W3014082649","https://openalex.org/W3155323635","https://openalex.org/W3165399874","https://openalex.org/W3184772129","https://openalex.org/W3186055144","https://openalex.org/W4308479822","https://openalex.org/W4377030089","https://openalex.org/W4380607180","https://openalex.org/W4388802101","https://openalex.org/W4404467637"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u2022":[0,11,28,37],"A":[1],"modular":[2,135,156],"redundancy-based":[3],"approximation":[4,33,124],"is":[5,14,43,56,146],"proposed":[6],"for":[7,23,58,86,126,206,223],"decision":[8],"tree":[9,165,224],"ensembles.":[10],"Modular":[12],"redundancy":[13],"used":[15],"to":[16,74,116,161,169,241,244],"select":[17],"only":[18,149],"a":[19,122,150,155,220,235],"subset":[20,151,203],"of":[21,40,49,94,102,134,152,177,204],"trees":[22,153,205],"classifying":[24],"each":[25,143,164,207],"class":[26,145],"label.":[27],"This":[29,159],"strategy":[30,125],"allows":[31,160],"aggressive":[32],"while":[34,78],"preserving":[35],"accuracy.":[36],"The":[38,47,229],"effectiveness":[39],"the":[41,54,92,98,132,166,175,178,201],"solution":[42],"demonstrated":[44],"and":[45,65,100,187,249],"shown.":[46],"deployment":[48,109],"machine":[50,216],"learning":[51,217],"models":[52,104],"at":[53],"edge":[55,88,111],"crucial":[57],"enabling":[59],"low-latency":[60],"decision-making,":[61],"optimizing":[62],"resource":[63,188],"utilization,":[64],"enhancing":[66],"data":[67,96],"confidentiality.":[68],"Random":[69,127],"Forest":[70,128],"classifiers":[71,129],"have":[72],"proven":[73],"be":[75],"highly":[76],"accurate":[77],"offering":[79],"computationally":[80],"efficient":[81],"inference,":[82],"making":[83],"them":[84],"well-suited":[85],"resource-constrained":[87],"devices.":[89],"However,":[90],"as":[91],"volume":[93],"training":[95],"grows,":[97],"complexity":[99],"size":[101,176],"these":[103],"also":[105],"increase,":[106],"limiting":[107],"their":[108],"in":[110,154,238,246],"computing":[112],"scenarios.":[113],"In":[114,137],"order":[115],"address":[117],"this":[118],"challenge,":[119],"we":[120,194],"propose":[121],"novel":[123],"leveraging":[130],"on":[131,213,233],"concept":[133],"redundancy.":[136],"particular,":[138],"our":[139,211],"approach":[140,212],"imposes":[141],"that":[142,199],"target":[144],"determined":[147],"by":[148],"redundant":[157],"fashion.":[158],"prune":[162],"from":[163],"leaves":[167],"related":[168],"no-longer":[170],"relevant":[171],"classes,":[172],"significantly":[173],"reducing":[174],"model.":[179],"To":[180],"achieve":[181],"an":[182,196],"optimal":[183],"balance":[184],"between":[185],"accuracy":[186,239],"savings":[189],"with":[190],"minimal":[191],"computational":[192],"time,":[193],"introduce":[195],"heuristic":[197],"algorithm":[198],"determine":[200],"best":[202],"class.":[208],"We":[209],"evaluate":[210],"multiple":[214],"UCI":[215],"datasets":[218],"using":[219],"hardware":[221,247],"accelerator":[222],"ensembles,":[225],"demonstrating":[226],"its":[227],"effectiveness.":[228],"result":[230],"shows":[231],"that,":[232],"average,":[234],"2.5%":[236],"reduction":[237],"leads":[240],"save":[242],"up":[243],"50%":[245],"overhead":[248],"energy":[250],"consumption.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-12-18T00:00:00"}
