{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414030841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2025.108115","title":"Benchmarking a DNN for aortic valve calcium lesions segmentation on FPGA-based DPU using the vitis AI toolchain","display_name":"Benchmarking a DNN for aortic valve calcium lesions segmentation on FPGA-based DPU using the vitis AI toolchain","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414030841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2025.108115"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.future.2025.108115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2025.108115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186357190","display_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","issn_l":"0167-739X","issn":["0167-739X","1872-7115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2025.108115","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031090847","display_name":"Valentina Sisini","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentina Sisini","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6543-5254","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021850950","display_name":"Andrea Miola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0740-5070"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Miola","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0740-5070","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092877233","display_name":"Giada Minghini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8298-8815"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giada Minghini","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8298-8815","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067711003","display_name":"Enrico Calore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2301-3838"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Calore","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2301-3838","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082611067","display_name":"Armando Ugo Cavallo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8390-7721"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armando Ugo Cavallo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071220084","display_name":"Sebastiano Fabio Schifano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-9196"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sebastiano Fabio Schifano","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-9196","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084809231","display_name":"Cristian Zambelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8755-0504"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristian Zambelli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8755-0504","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071220084"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"fwci":0.6268,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7004929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"175","issue":null,"first_page":"108115","last_page":"108115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10372","display_name":"Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10372","display_name":"Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9447000026702881,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10172","display_name":"Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9437000155448914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toolchain","display_name":"Toolchain","score":0.9701837301254272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.770922064781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.7507100105285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7463932633399963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7356500029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.46021807193756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39593952894210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3904722332954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2390885055065155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.13182333111763}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777062904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545406","display_name":"Toolchain","level":3,"score":0.9701837301254272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.770922064781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.7507100105285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7463932633399963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7356500029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.46021807193756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39593952894210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3904722332954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2390885055065155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.13182333111763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.future.2025.108115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2025.108115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186357190","display_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","issn_l":"0167-739X","issn":["0167-739X","1872-7115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sfera.unife.it:11392/2598950","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X25004091?via=ihub","pdf_url":"https://sfera.unife.it/bitstream/11392/2598950/6/Benchmarking_a_DNN_for_aortic_valve_calcium_lesions_segmentation-job_670.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400369","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","host_organization_name":"University of Ferrara","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.future.2025.108115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2025.108115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186357190","display_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","issn_l":"0167-739X","issn":["0167-739X","1872-7115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Future Generation Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2941006894","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F77G22000120006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F8718750364","funder_display_name":"International Council of Shopping Centers"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F8718750364","display_name":"International Council of Shopping Centers","ror":"https://ror.org/04wehyc39"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583837637","https://openalex.org/W2015795623","https://openalex.org/W2606631097","https://openalex.org/W2765331301","https://openalex.org/W2798084934","https://openalex.org/W2906549808","https://openalex.org/W2953212265","https://openalex.org/W2994749257","https://openalex.org/W3026693286","https://openalex.org/W3098715541","https://openalex.org/W3101493857","https://openalex.org/W3111628214","https://openalex.org/W3132455321","https://openalex.org/W3197665962","https://openalex.org/W4206775400","https://openalex.org/W4229896786","https://openalex.org/W4232418947","https://openalex.org/W4237375367","https://openalex.org/W4242961847","https://openalex.org/W4243729164","https://openalex.org/W4245299501","https://openalex.org/W4246489361","https://openalex.org/W4249009392","https://openalex.org/W4252414300","https://openalex.org/W4255657368","https://openalex.org/W4291142686","https://openalex.org/W4292927946","https://openalex.org/W4294068713","https://openalex.org/W4307023551","https://openalex.org/W4323644307","https://openalex.org/W4386422402","https://openalex.org/W4386766684","https://openalex.org/W4388726958","https://openalex.org/W4388964365","https://openalex.org/W4391908950","https://openalex.org/W4401726555","https://openalex.org/W4405005152","https://openalex.org/W4409067773","https://openalex.org/W4413155500"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013037783","https://openalex.org/W2909413202","https://openalex.org/W4385243142","https://openalex.org/W1999008563","https://openalex.org/W2561644314","https://openalex.org/W2912135124","https://openalex.org/W2794118724","https://openalex.org/W4206450104","https://openalex.org/W2883257033","https://openalex.org/W2265795076"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semantic":[0],"segmentation":[1,64,114],"assigns":[2],"a":[3,55,123,129,193,204,220,263,271,281,294,329],"class":[4],"to":[5,11,135,142,151,161,169,239,334,341],"every":[6],"pixel":[7],"of":[8,18,50,96,190,223,257,266,273,280,291,300,309],"an":[9],"image":[10],"automatically":[12],"locate":[13],"objects":[14],"in":[15,57,115,227,232,255,289,298],"the":[16,48,52,67,94,104,109,133,137,144,157,163,173,208,244,252,260,278,307,313,318,322,325,335,342,347],"context":[17],"computer":[19,119],"vision":[20],"applications":[21],"for":[22,44,70,76,108],"autonomous":[23],"vehicles,":[24],"robotics,":[25],"agriculture,":[26],"gaming,":[27],"and":[28,65,73,85,127,146,159,171,178,183,192,229,249,270,293,337],"medical":[29],"imaging.":[30,59],"Deep":[31,98],"Neural":[32,38],"Network":[33],"models,":[34,51],"such":[35],"as":[36,122],"Convolutional":[37],"Networks":[39],"(CNNs),":[40],"are":[41,66,237,327],"widely":[42],"used":[43],"this":[45,90],"purpose.":[46],"Among":[47],"plethora":[49],"U-Net":[53,174,209],"is":[54],"standard":[56],"biomedical":[58],"Nowadays,":[60],"GPUs":[61,160,191,248,310],"efficiently":[62],"perform":[63,140],"reference":[68],"architectures":[69],"running":[71,243],"CNNs,":[72],"FPGAs":[74],"compete":[75],"inferences":[77],"among":[78],"alternative":[79],"platforms,":[80],"promising":[81],"higher":[82],"energy":[83,184,323],"efficiency":[84,185],"lower":[86],"latency":[87,265,292],"solutions.":[88],"In":[89],"contribution,":[91],"we":[92,179],"evaluate":[93],"performance":[95,279,308],"FPGA-based":[97],"Processing":[99],"Units":[100],"(DPUs)":[101],"implemented":[102],"on":[103,176,213,247],"AMD":[105],"Alveo":[106],"U55C":[107],"inference":[110,264],"task,":[111],"using":[112,215,312],"calcium":[113],"cardiac":[116],"aortic":[117],"valve":[118],"tomography":[120],"scans":[121],"benchmark.":[124],"We":[125,166],"design":[126],"implement":[128],"U-Net-based":[130],"application,":[131],"optimize":[132],"hyperparameters":[134],"maximize":[136],"prediction":[138,221],"accuracy,":[139,181],"pruning":[141],"simplify":[143],"model,":[145],"use":[147],"different":[148],"numerical":[149,315],"quantizations":[150],"exploit":[152],"low-precision":[153],"operations":[154],"supported":[155],"by":[156,285],"DPUs":[158,214,261],"boost":[162],"computation":[164],"time.":[165],"describe":[167],"how":[168],"port":[170],"deploy":[172],"model":[175],"DPUs,":[177],"compare":[180],"throughput,":[182,301],"achieved":[186],"with":[187,346],"four":[188],"generations":[189],"recent":[194],"dual":[195],"32-core":[196],"high-end":[197],"CPU":[198,283],"platform.":[199],"Our":[200],"results":[201,236],"show":[202],"that":[203],"complex":[205],"DNN":[206],"like":[207],"can":[210],"run":[211],"effectively":[212],"8-bit":[216],"integer":[217],"computation,":[218],"achieving":[219],"accuracy":[222],"approximately":[224,267,274,286,328],"95":[225],"%":[226,231,288],"Dice":[228],"91":[230],"IoU":[233],"scores.":[234],"These":[235],"comparable":[238],"those":[240],"measured":[241],"when":[242,311],"floating-point":[245],"models":[246],"CPUs.":[250],"On":[251,317],"one":[253],"hand,":[254,320],"terms":[256,290,299],"computing":[258],"performance,":[259],"achieves":[262],"3.5":[268],"ms":[269],"throughput":[272],"4.2":[275],"kPFS,":[276],"boosting":[277],"64-core":[282],"system":[284],"10":[287],"factor":[295,330],"2":[296],"X":[297,332,339],"but":[302],"still":[303],"do":[304],"not":[305],"overcoming":[306],"same":[314,348],"precision.":[316],"other":[319],"considering":[321],"efficiency,":[324],"improvements":[326],"6.7":[331],"compared":[333,340],"CPU,":[336],"1.6":[338],"P100":[343],"GPU":[344],"manufactured":[345],"technological":[349],"process":[350],"(16":[351],"nm).":[352]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-23T07:36:19.812096","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}