{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413755797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2025.129461","title":"Optimal control strategy based on differential evolution algorithm for seamless transition between islanded and grid-connected operation modes in microgrid clusters","display_name":"Optimal control strategy based on differential evolution algorithm for seamless transition between islanded and grid-connected operation modes in microgrid clusters","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413755797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2025.129461"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2025.129461","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2025.129461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2025.129461","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045199424","display_name":"Pablo Horrillo\u2013Quintero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1403-7264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39147953","display_name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz","ror":"https://ror.org/04mxxkb11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Horrillo-Quintero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Group in Sustainable and Renewable Electrical Technologies (PAIDI-TEP023), Department of Electrical Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering of Algeciras (ETSIA), University of C\u00e1diz, Avda. Ram\u00f3n Puyol, s/n, 11202 Algeciras, C\u00e1diz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group in Sustainable and Renewable Electrical Technologies (PAIDI-TEP023), Department of Electrical Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering of Algeciras (ETSIA), University of C\u00e1diz, Avda. Ram\u00f3n Puyol, s/n, 11202 Algeciras, C\u00e1diz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047049887","display_name":"Pablo Garc\u00eda\u2013Trivi\u00f1o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6077-1884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39147953","display_name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz","ror":"https://ror.org/04mxxkb11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Garc\u00eda-Trivi\u00f1o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Group in Sustainable and Renewable Electrical Technologies (PAIDI-TEP023), Department of Electrical Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering of Algeciras (ETSIA), University of C\u00e1diz, Avda. Ram\u00f3n Puyol, s/n, 11202 Algeciras, C\u00e1diz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group in Sustainable and Renewable Electrical Technologies (PAIDI-TEP023), Department of Electrical Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering of Algeciras (ETSIA), University of C\u00e1diz, Avda. Ram\u00f3n Puyol, s/n, 11202 Algeciras, C\u00e1diz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092588259","display_name":"David Carrasco-Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0951-2072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39147953","display_name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz","ror":"https://ror.org/04mxxkb11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Carrasco-Gonz\u00e1lez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Group in Sustainable and Renewable Electrical Technologies (PAIDI-TEP023), Department of Electrical Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering of Algeciras (ETSIA), University of C\u00e1diz, Avda. Ram\u00f3n Puyol, s/n, 11202 Algeciras, C\u00e1diz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0951-2072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group in Sustainable and Renewable Electrical Technologies (PAIDI-TEP023), Department of Electrical Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering of Algeciras (ETSIA), University of C\u00e1diz, Avda. Ram\u00f3n Puyol, s/n, 11202 Algeciras, C\u00e1diz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032742755","display_name":"Luis M. Fern\u00e1ndez\u2013Ram\u00edrez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4898-0680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39147953","display_name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz","ror":"https://ror.org/04mxxkb11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luis M. Fern\u00e1ndez-Ram\u00edrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Group in Sustainable and Renewable Electrical Technologies (PAIDI-TEP023), Department of Electrical Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering of Algeciras (ETSIA), University of C\u00e1diz, Avda. Ram\u00f3n Puyol, s/n, 11202 Algeciras, C\u00e1diz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group in Sustainable and Renewable Electrical Technologies (PAIDI-TEP023), Department of Electrical Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering of Algeciras (ETSIA), University of C\u00e1diz, Avda. Ram\u00f3n Puyol, s/n, 11202 Algeciras, C\u00e1diz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032742755"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"fwci":3.0963,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92319035,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"297","issue":null,"first_page":"129461","last_page":"129461"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.8224778175354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7324737310409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.6107656955718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.5715783834457397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5460772514343262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-evolution","display_name":"Differential evolution","score":0.4940212368965149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4162777066230774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4098709225654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40430349111557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15941208600997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15111428499221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06115955114364624}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.8224778175354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7324737310409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6107656955718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.5715783834457397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5460772514343262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74750220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662197","display_name":"Differential evolution","level":2,"score":0.4940212368965149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4162777066230774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4098709225654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40430349111557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15941208600997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15111428499221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06115955114364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2025.129461","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2025.129461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:rodin.uca.es:10498/37077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10498/37077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400506","display_name":"RODIN (Universidad de C\u00e1diz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39147953","host_organization_name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Expert System with Applications - 2026, Vol. 297","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2025.129461","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2025.129461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2181301144","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033/FEDER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7317310426","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-123633OB-C32","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170966465","https://openalex.org/W2011978507","https://openalex.org/W2071088843","https://openalex.org/W2089776541","https://openalex.org/W2522959923","https://openalex.org/W2609754044","https://openalex.org/W2613861570","https://openalex.org/W2793798581","https://openalex.org/W2941281907","https://openalex.org/W2951424956","https://openalex.org/W2980920737","https://openalex.org/W3018687642","https://openalex.org/W3120994139","https://openalex.org/W3192594291","https://openalex.org/W4213445376","https://openalex.org/W4244048911","https://openalex.org/W4280555518","https://openalex.org/W4280566458","https://openalex.org/W4285120971","https://openalex.org/W4295997848","https://openalex.org/W4307408792","https://openalex.org/W4319998086","https://openalex.org/W4327714843","https://openalex.org/W4376105368","https://openalex.org/W4382775501","https://openalex.org/W4385273651","https://openalex.org/W4387619179","https://openalex.org/W4388580528","https://openalex.org/W4389683419","https://openalex.org/W4391023720","https://openalex.org/W4391876425","https://openalex.org/W4399563219","https://openalex.org/W4400191565","https://openalex.org/W4400520785","https://openalex.org/W4400839984","https://openalex.org/W4403127669","https://openalex.org/W4405937443","https://openalex.org/W4410252283"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W4210780382","https://openalex.org/W2356033827","https://openalex.org/W2391138633","https://openalex.org/W2907234787","https://openalex.org/W4285503559","https://openalex.org/W4206134051","https://openalex.org/W4383747562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,109,201,304],"increasing":[1],"integration":[2],"of":[3,15,29,46,107,122,182,207,301,317,345,349,379],"renewable":[4],"energy":[5,9],"sources":[6],"and":[7,37,43,53,59,80,104,115,126,163,173,185,212,238,280,321,354,369,376],"distributed":[8],"resources":[10],"is":[11,64,74,112,149,164],"accelerating":[12],"the":[13,27,41,85,101,131,180,208,225,234,251,260,268,299,302,338,343,374,380],"transformation":[14,23],"traditional":[16],"power":[17,78,128],"systems":[18],"into":[19],"smart":[20],"grids.":[21],"This":[22,62,151,177],"relies":[24],"heavily":[25],"on":[26,143,166,233],"deployment":[28],"microgrids":[30],"(MGs),":[31],"which":[32],"offer":[33],"enhanced":[34],"flexibility,":[35],"resilience,":[36],"sustainability.":[38],"However,":[39],"ensuring":[40],"stable":[42],"efficient":[44],"synchronization":[45,96,132,140,187,230,248],"MGs,":[47],"especially":[48],"during":[49,130],"transitions":[50],"between":[51,210],"islanded":[52,211],"grid-connected":[54,213],"modes,":[55],"remains":[56],"a":[57,94,144,154,193,221,229,239,243,256,314,329,362,370],"critical":[58],"unresolved":[60],"challenge.":[61],"challenge":[63],"further":[65],"amplified":[66],"in":[67,160,224],"MG":[68],"clusters":[69],"(MGCs),":[70],"where":[71],"coordinated":[72],"operation":[73],"essential":[75],"to":[76,87,99,113,199,228],"maintain":[77],"quality":[79],"system":[81],"reliability.":[82],"Driven":[83],"by":[84,249,274],"need":[86],"address":[88],"this":[89,91,196],"challenge,":[90],"study":[92,197],"proposes":[93],"real-time":[95,283,377],"control":[97,119,141,157,253,382],"method":[98,203],"enhance":[100],"dynamic":[102],"performance":[103,219,323,378],"operational":[105],"reliability":[106],"MGCs.":[108],"main":[110],"objective":[111,158],"design":[114],"validate":[116],"an":[117,137,167,346,366],"optimal":[118,138,339],"strategy":[120,231],"capable":[121],"minimizing":[123],"frequency":[124,155],"deviations":[125],"improving":[127],"sharing":[129],"process.":[133],"To":[134],"achieve":[135],"this,":[136],"seamless":[139],"based":[142,232],"differential":[145],"evolution":[146],"(DE)":[147],"algorithm":[148,265],"developed.":[150],"controller":[152],"optimizes":[153],"error":[156],"function":[159],"real":[161],"time":[162,273],"tested":[165],"MGC":[168],"architecture":[169],"combining":[170],"grid-forming":[171],"(GFM)":[172],"grid-feeding":[174],"(GFD)":[175],"inverters.":[176],"work":[178],"addresses":[179],"lack":[181],"robust,":[183],"fast,":[184],"quantifiable":[186],"methods":[188],"for":[189,282,307],"hybrid":[190],"inverter-based":[191],"MGCs,":[192],"gap":[194],"that":[195,246,267],"aims":[198],"fill.":[200],"proposed":[202,381],"enables":[204],"accurate":[205],"optimization":[206,236,263],"transition":[209],"modes.":[214],"Simulation":[215],"results":[216],"demonstrate":[217],"substantial":[218],"gains:":[220],"66.33%":[222],"reduction":[223],"ITSE":[226,306],"compared":[227],"fmincon":[235],"algorithm,":[237],"37.91%":[240],"improvement":[241],"over":[242,334],"conventional":[244],"approach":[245,270],"adjusts":[247],"modifying":[250],"droop":[252],"coefficients.":[254],"Furthermore,":[255],"comparative":[257],"analysis":[258,288],"with":[259,313,365],"particle":[261],"swarm":[262],"(PSO)":[264],"demonstrated":[266],"DE-based":[269],"reduces":[271],"computation":[272],"20.29%,":[275],"highlighting":[276],"its":[277],"superior":[278],"efficiency":[279],"suitability":[281],"embedded":[284],"implementation.":[285],"A":[286],"sensitivity":[287,331],"involving":[289],"500":[290,309],"different":[291],"scenarios,":[292],"including":[293],"evaluations":[294],"under":[295,324],"fault":[296],"conditions,":[297],"confirms":[298],"robustness":[300],"approach.":[303],"average":[305],"these":[308],"simulations":[310],"was":[311],"0.2459,":[312],"standard":[315],"deviation":[316],"0.041,":[318],"demonstrating":[319],"consistent":[320],"reliable":[322],"varying":[325],"load":[326],"conditions.":[327],"Moreover,":[328],"second":[330],"analysis,":[332],"conducted":[333],"250":[335],"simulations,":[336],"identified":[337],"DE":[340],"parameters,":[341],"enabling":[342],"selection":[344],"effective":[347],"combination":[348],"population":[350],"size,":[351],"mutation":[352],"factor,":[353],"crossover":[355],"rate":[356],".":[357],"Finally,":[358],"experimental":[359],"validation":[360],"using":[361],"Hardware-in-the-Loop":[363],"setup,":[364],"OPAL-RT4512":[367],"unit":[368],"dSPACE":[371],"MicroLabBox,":[372],"verifies":[373],"effectiveness":[375],"strategy.":[383]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
