{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414230289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2025.112250","title":"Unmanned surface vehicle autonomous racing and obstacle avoidance with robust adversarial deep reinforcement learning","display_name":"Unmanned surface vehicle autonomous racing and obstacle avoidance with robust adversarial deep reinforcement learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414230289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2025.112250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2025.112250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2025.112250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S900972176","display_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-1976","issn":["0952-1976","1873-6769"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100424739","display_name":"Jingyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5344-9766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076608243","display_name":"Yuanda Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8002-8131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuanda Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8002-8131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019248683","display_name":"Changyin Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9269-334X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changyin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China","School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076608243"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":{"value":3170,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3170},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6189,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65463232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"161","issue":null,"first_page":"112250","last_page":"112250"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle-avoidance","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","score":0.7835000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision-avoidance","display_name":"Collision avoidance","score":0.7386000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7366999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7142000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmanned-surface-vehicle","display_name":"Unmanned surface vehicle","score":0.6180999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.45989999175071716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8540999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6683253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075535","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","level":4,"score":0.7835000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5147495","display_name":"Collision avoidance","level":3,"score":0.7386000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7366999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7142000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6212999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987248590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4419860","display_name":"Unmanned surface vehicle","level":2,"score":0.6180999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.45989999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13687954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826847","display_name":"Autonomous agent","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145424490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618465","display_name":"Remotely operated underwater vehicle","level":4,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31531917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915157","display_name":"Robust control","level":3,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.26010000705718994}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2025.112250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2025.112250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S900972176","display_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-1976","issn":["0952-1976","1873-6769"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G800914696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62136008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969483458","https://openalex.org/W2530112955","https://openalex.org/W2557741120","https://openalex.org/W2607389849","https://openalex.org/W2770593824","https://openalex.org/W2889987506","https://openalex.org/W2906085673","https://openalex.org/W2937598023","https://openalex.org/W3010954320","https://openalex.org/W3025102865","https://openalex.org/W3030733565","https://openalex.org/W3083460132","https://openalex.org/W3095577524","https://openalex.org/W3138273333","https://openalex.org/W3140331270","https://openalex.org/W3158947403","https://openalex.org/W3171128313","https://openalex.org/W3172626468","https://openalex.org/W3186285333","https://openalex.org/W3209083247","https://openalex.org/W4210489512","https://openalex.org/W4220673533","https://openalex.org/W4225136271","https://openalex.org/W4230412932","https://openalex.org/W4231952255","https://openalex.org/W4293776629","https://openalex.org/W4297534012","https://openalex.org/W4376139506","https://openalex.org/W4386615302","https://openalex.org/W4386883060","https://openalex.org/W4387568498","https://openalex.org/W4387717526","https://openalex.org/W4393170706","https://openalex.org/W4396605021","https://openalex.org/W4396608962","https://openalex.org/W4396768282","https://openalex.org/W4399744589","https://openalex.org/W4400448000","https://openalex.org/W4400880175","https://openalex.org/W4404179543","https://openalex.org/W4406231233","https://openalex.org/W4410198331","https://openalex.org/W4411098111"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
