{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409291052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103134","title":"PhenoAI: A deep learning Python framework to process close-range time-lapse PhenoCam data","display_name":"PhenoAI: A deep learning Python framework to process close-range time-lapse PhenoCam data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409291052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103134"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195809937","display_name":"Ecological Informatics","issn_l":"1574-9541","issn":["1574-9541","1878-0512"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103134","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027656204","display_name":"Akash Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4270-0665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akash Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geospatial Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 247667, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geospatial Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 247667, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034984739","display_name":"Siddhartha Khare","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6996-4583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801347850","display_name":"Central Building Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03gjr0792","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I2801347850","https://openalex.org/I4210134808","https://openalex.org/I66760702"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siddhartha Khare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bhoomicam Private Limited, Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 247667, India","Geospatial Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 247667, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bhoomicam Private Limited, Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 247667, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801347850"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geospatial Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 247667, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039323709","display_name":"Sergio Rossi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9919-0494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104914703","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Chicoutimi","ror":"https://ror.org/00y3hzd62","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104914703","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Rossi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes terrestres bor\u00e9aux, D\u00e9partement des Sciences Fondamentales, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Chicoutimi, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes terrestres bor\u00e9aux, D\u00e9partement des Sciences Fondamentales, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Chicoutimi, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104914703"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034984739"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008","https://openalex.org/I2801347850"],"apc_list":{"value":2510,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2510},"apc_paid":{"value":2510,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2510},"fwci":3.4054,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.916051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"88","issue":null,"first_page":"103134","last_page":"103134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13398","display_name":"Data Analysis with R","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10836","display_name":"Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies","score":0.95660001039505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.8504923582077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6265513896942139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-time","display_name":"Deep time","score":0.5000910758972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37003663182258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2482626736164093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.17566412687301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleontology","display_name":"Paleontology","score":0.11439979076385498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.8504923582077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6265513896942139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131419983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1909845","display_name":"Deep time","level":2,"score":0.5000910758972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37003663182258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2482626736164093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.17566412687301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.11439979076385498}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195809937","display_name":"Ecological Informatics","issn_l":"1574-9541","issn":["1574-9541","1878-0512"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:71c24ab611634b7f88e5f5a9313411cb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/71c24ab611634b7f88e5f5a9313411cb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics, Vol 88, Iss , Pp 103134- (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195809937","display_name":"Ecological Informatics","issn_l":"1574-9541","issn":["1574-9541","1878-0512"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9651451","https://openalex.org/W845365781","https://openalex.org/W1975032569","https://openalex.org/W1996463620","https://openalex.org/W2018636632","https://openalex.org/W2035029697","https://openalex.org/W2035234551","https://openalex.org/W2038927660","https://openalex.org/W2044504174","https://openalex.org/W2072093516","https://openalex.org/W2096682311","https://openalex.org/W2099428109","https://openalex.org/W2114456168","https://openalex.org/W2133579999","https://openalex.org/W2151011640","https://openalex.org/W2170414295","https://openalex.org/W2233094088","https://openalex.org/W2280673236","https://openalex.org/W2338049369","https://openalex.org/W2736644580","https://openalex.org/W2792442798","https://openalex.org/W2887877509","https://openalex.org/W2928069646","https://openalex.org/W2938471138","https://openalex.org/W2940945777","https://openalex.org/W2991324815","https://openalex.org/W3010594708","https://openalex.org/W3024703279","https://openalex.org/W3035401584","https://openalex.org/W3036851007","https://openalex.org/W3122081785","https://openalex.org/W3135014577","https://openalex.org/W3214328303","https://openalex.org/W4200463122","https://openalex.org/W4206252895","https://openalex.org/W4232592570","https://openalex.org/W4306147080","https://openalex.org/W4379233262","https://openalex.org/W4379933000","https://openalex.org/W4390610765","https://openalex.org/W4403285857","https://openalex.org/W6606596269","https://openalex.org/W6623430341","https://openalex.org/W6654598310","https://openalex.org/W6680048363","https://openalex.org/W6680111620","https://openalex.org/W6691748374","https://openalex.org/W6740940905","https://openalex.org/W6770292154","https://openalex.org/W6776944969","https://openalex.org/W6853669441","https://openalex.org/W6859793213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2341492732","https://openalex.org/W3187193180","https://openalex.org/W106542691","https://openalex.org/W1699080303","https://openalex.org/W4297799326","https://openalex.org/W3116064965","https://openalex.org/W4287027380"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Close-range":[0],"digital":[1],"repeat":[2],"photography":[3],"is":[4,23,193],"a":[5,35,93,289],"powerful":[6],"technique":[7],"for":[8,219,224,240,245,257,271],"studying":[9],"phenology":[10,105],"and":[11,25,66,77,152,179,212,235,247,278,302],"the":[12,18,40,75,82,86,89,117,129,144,159,172,176,182,185,209,214,253,286],"seasonal":[13],"dynamics":[14],"of":[15,20,42,49,88,119,122,132,139,146,154,162,184,237,282,293],"plants.":[16],"However,":[17],"processing":[19,41,210,255,300],"PhenoCam":[21,44,259],"images":[22,270],"time-consuming":[24],"requires":[26],"substantial":[27],"human":[28],"expertise.":[29],"This":[30],"paper":[31],"describes":[32],"PhenoAI":[33,90,186,192,231,251,298],",":[34],"Python":[36],"framework":[37,287],"that":[38,116,198],"automates":[39,252],"time-series":[43],"images.":[45],"The":[46,113,168,262],"package":[47,91,197],"consists":[48],"four":[50],"modules:":[51],"(i)":[52],"image":[53,263,304],"quality":[54,264],"control,":[55],"(ii)":[56],"vegetation":[57],"segmentation":[58],"using":[59,242],"deep":[60],"learning,":[61],"(iii)":[62],"greenness":[63,156],"index":[64],"calculation,":[65],"(iv)":[67],"parameter":[68],"extraction.":[69],"These":[70],"modules":[71],"are":[72],"consistent":[73],"with":[74,171],"standard":[76],"established":[78],"methodologies":[79],"used":[80],"in":[81,92,106,128,143,158,175,288],"literature.":[83],"We":[84],"demonstrate":[85],"application":[87],"case":[94,291],"study":[95,292],"by":[96,221,229],"analyzing":[97],"black":[98,294],"spruce":[99,295],"[":[100],"Picea":[101],"mariana":[102],"(Mill.)":[103],"B.S.P.]":[104],"Quebec,":[107],"Canada,":[108],"over":[109],"five":[110],"years":[111],"(2017\u20132021).":[112],"result":[114],"revealed":[115],"Start":[118],"Season":[120,140],"(SOS)":[121],"Green":[123],"Chromatic":[124],"Coordinate":[125],"(GCC)":[126],"occurred":[127,142,157],"third":[130],"week":[131,161],"May":[133],"(DOY":[134,148,164],"144":[135],"\u00b1":[136,150,166],"5),":[137],"End":[138],"(EOS)":[141],"end":[145],"September":[147],"269":[149],"20)":[151],"day":[153],"maximum":[155],"first":[160],"July":[163],"183":[165],"5).":[167],"findings":[169],"correlate":[170],"previous":[173],"studies":[174],"same":[177],"region":[178],"species,":[180],"confirming":[181],"ability":[183],"to":[187,202],"replicate":[188],"field":[189],"observations":[190,227],"accurately.":[191],"an":[194],"open-source":[195],"software":[196],"can":[199],"be":[200],"customized":[201],"suit":[203],"specific":[204],"research":[205],"needs,":[206],"reduces":[207,299],"significantly":[208],"time,":[211],"simplifies":[213,303],"workflow,":[215],"making":[216],"it":[217],"accessible":[218],"use":[220],"new":[222],"users":[223],"close":[225],"range":[226],"taken":[228],"PhenoCam.":[230],"will":[232],"enhance":[233],"efficiency":[234],"accuracy":[236],"data":[238,244,254],"extraction":[239],"scientists":[241],"phenological":[243],"ecological":[246],"forestry":[248],"research.":[249],"\u2022":[250,261,273,284,297],"chain":[256],"close-range":[258],"imagery.":[260],"control":[265],"module":[266],"filters":[267],"out":[268],"low-quality":[269],"analysis.":[272],"Deep":[274],"learning":[275],"effectively":[276],"segments":[277],"identifies":[279],"different":[280],"types":[281],"vegetation.":[283],"Demonstrated":[285],"5-year":[290],"phenology.":[296],"time":[301],"analysis":[305],"workflow.":[306]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
