{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416427953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105510","title":"Teacher-led robot intervention in early primary school classrooms improves pupil and teacher outcomes","display_name":"Teacher-led robot intervention in early primary school classrooms improves pupil and teacher outcomes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416427953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105510"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172634","display_name":"Computers & Education","issn_l":"0360-1315","issn":["0360-1315","1873-782X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105510","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113632394","display_name":"A.N. Hughes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3266-7144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8408910","display_name":"Cardiff Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00bqvf857","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8408910"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97429440","display_name":"University of Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/01se4f844","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy A.E. Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University, Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science (CUCHDS), School of Psychology, Cardiff, Wales, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3266-7144","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University, Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science (CUCHDS), School of Psychology, Cardiff, Wales, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175","https://openalex.org/I97429440","https://openalex.org/I8408910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067525869","display_name":"Sarah A. Gerson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8710-1178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8408910","display_name":"Cardiff Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00bqvf857","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8408910"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97429440","display_name":"University of Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/01se4f844","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah A. Gerson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University, Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science (CUCHDS), School of Psychology, Cardiff, Wales, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8710-1178","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University, Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science (CUCHDS), School of Psychology, Cardiff, Wales, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175","https://openalex.org/I97429440","https://openalex.org/I8408910"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025701298","display_name":"Johanna E. van Schaik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5865-4523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johanna E. van Schaik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radboud University, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5865-4523","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radboud University, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025701298"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33895131,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"242","issue":null,"first_page":"105510","last_page":"105510"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","score":0.6829000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum","display_name":"Curriculum","score":0.6431999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.6187999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5514000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.474700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.397599995136261}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.6829000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.6431999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.6187999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5514000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4925999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.474700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.44040000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39910000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.397599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780368719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157342","display_name":"Computational thinking","level":2,"score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10050518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q975085","display_name":"Primary education","level":2,"score":0.37119999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183889225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5341299","display_name":"Educational robotics","level":4,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33857546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80006","display_name":"Computer programming","level":2,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172634","display_name":"Computers & Education","issn_l":"0360-1315","issn":["0360-1315","1873-782X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:182740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/182740/1/1-s2.0-S0360131525002787-main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/326121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2066/326121","pdf_url":"https://repository.ubn.ru.nl//bitstream/handle/2066/326121/326121.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401067","display_name":"Radboud Repository (Radboud University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","host_organization_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"},{"id":"pmh:oai:shura.shu.ac.uk:36744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3266-7144>,","pdf_url":"https://shura.shu.ac.uk/36744/8/Hughes-Teacher-ledRobot%28VoR%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401600","display_name":"SHURA (Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive) (Sheffield Hallam University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71422933","host_organization_name":"Sheffield Hallam University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71422933"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172634","display_name":"Computers & Education","issn_l":"0360-1315","issn":["0360-1315","1873-782X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1046517608","display_name":"Integrating educational robotics in primary school classrooms: Exploring teacher and pupil perspectives","funder_award_id":"2267832","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W241647134","https://openalex.org/W1470412944","https://openalex.org/W1985645842","https://openalex.org/W1995113307","https://openalex.org/W2047550420","https://openalex.org/W2080433707","https://openalex.org/W2110670045","https://openalex.org/W2112790070","https://openalex.org/W2114878393","https://openalex.org/W2115087102","https://openalex.org/W2142635246","https://openalex.org/W2143437366","https://openalex.org/W2144049026","https://openalex.org/W2146567769","https://openalex.org/W2148362298","https://openalex.org/W2298363829","https://openalex.org/W2339183141","https://openalex.org/W2377889297","https://openalex.org/W2606540748","https://openalex.org/W2615970617","https://openalex.org/W2760706586","https://openalex.org/W2795442027","https://openalex.org/W2888438995","https://openalex.org/W2897335000","https://openalex.org/W2898166493","https://openalex.org/W2904567962","https://openalex.org/W2922867488","https://openalex.org/W2940999120","https://openalex.org/W2953083037","https://openalex.org/W3006546902","https://openalex.org/W3167723192","https://openalex.org/W3211598956","https://openalex.org/W4309075703","https://openalex.org/W4323318478","https://openalex.org/W4362678388","https://openalex.org/W4380990452","https://openalex.org/W4385773577","https://openalex.org/W4389265085"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Programming":[0],"is":[1],"often":[2],"taught":[3],"through":[4],"robots":[5,169],"in":[6,77,136,157,170,188,201,229],"early":[7,189,230],"primary":[8,171,190],"education":[9,172,179,197,208,231],"to":[10,25,79],"support":[11],"young":[12],"children\u2019s":[13,105],"computational":[14],"thinking":[15],"(CT),":[16],"but":[17,111],"many":[18],"teachers":[19,48],"lack":[20],"the":[21,124,175],"confidence":[22,214],"and":[23,45,65,86,92,95,107,120,127,173,206,215],"training":[24],"use":[26],"them":[27],"effectively.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"presents":[31],"a":[32,148],"school-based":[33],"robot":[34,81],"intervention":[35,58,71,103,138],"for":[36,117,165,180,226],"children":[37],"aged":[38],"4":[39],"-":[40],"7":[41],"(n":[42,49],"=":[43,50],"430)":[44],"their":[46],"classroom":[47,80],"17),":[51],"delivered":[52],"under":[53],"three":[54],"conditions:":[55],"Intervention":[56,184],"(robot":[57],"only),":[59],"Intervention+":[60,113,146,158],"(intervention":[61],"plus":[62],"teacher":[63,75,178,196,207],"education),":[64],"Control":[66,116],"(no":[67],"intervention).":[68],"The":[69,102],"two":[70],"groups":[72,139],"assessed":[73],"whether":[74],"education,":[76],"addition":[78],"experience,":[82],"influenced":[83],"pupils\u2019":[84],"prediction":[85,106,119],"debugging,":[87],"transferable":[88],"skills":[89,211],"(programming":[90],"transfer":[91,126],"picture":[93,128],"sequencing),":[94],"teachers\u2019":[96],"beliefs":[97,217],"(enjoyment,":[98],"relevance,":[99],"self-efficacy,":[100],"anxiety).":[101],"improved":[104,131,141,155,209,220],"debugging":[108],"scores":[109],"significantly,":[110],"only":[112,145],"significantly":[114,156],"outperformed":[115],"both":[118,137],"debugging.":[121],"Performance":[122],"on":[123],"programming":[125,167,186,210,228],"sequencing":[129],"tasks":[130],"across":[132],"all":[133],"groups.":[134],"Teachers":[135],"reported":[140],"relevance":[142,216],"beliefs,":[143],"though":[144],"showed":[147],"significant":[149,181],"difference":[150],"from":[151],"Control.":[152],"Self-efficacy":[153],"also":[154,219],"only.":[159],"These":[160],"findings":[161],"offer":[162],"practical":[163,224],"guidance":[164],"embedding":[166],"with":[168],"underscore":[174],"importance":[176],"of":[177],"impact.":[182],"\u2022":[183,192,203,212,221],"assessing":[185],"outcomes":[187],"school":[191],"Three":[193],"conditions":[194],"manipulated":[195],"and/or":[198],"robotics":[199],"curriculum":[200,205],"class":[202],"Robotics":[204],"Teacher\u2019s":[213],"were":[218],"Research":[222],"offers":[223],"tools":[225],"teaching":[227]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-03T09:05:47.796612","created_date":"2025-11-20T00:00:00"}