{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415819406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105494","title":"Investigating the effects of an LLM-based Socratic conversational agent on students\u2019 academic performance and reflective thinking in higher education","display_name":"Investigating the effects of an LLM-based Socratic conversational agent on students\u2019 academic performance and reflective thinking in higher education","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415819406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105494"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172634","display_name":"Computers & Education","issn_l":"0360-1315","issn":["0360-1315","1873-782X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007418944","display_name":"Linjin Xi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Linjin Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Avenue, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0527-0918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Avenue, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052913094","display_name":"Yi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4364-6365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Avenue, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4364-6365","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Avenue, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088901208","display_name":"Qiyun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5891-4997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiyun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5891-4997","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007418944","https://openalex.org/A5052913094"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.8029,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98102495,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"241","issue":null,"first_page":"105494","last_page":"105494"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.3465000092983246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.3465000092983246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.155799999833107,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.11749999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socratic-method","display_name":"Socratic method","score":0.7803999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socratic-questioning","display_name":"Socratic questioning","score":0.5134999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4916999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.44519999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.43689998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discipline","display_name":"Discipline","score":0.43650001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-learning","display_name":"Collaborative learning","score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflective-practice","display_name":"Reflective practice","score":0.40299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2801541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839475","display_name":"Socratic method","level":2,"score":0.7803999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6230999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174594037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4926165","display_name":"Socratic questioning","level":3,"score":0.5134999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4916999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.44519999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.43689998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8795937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11862829","display_name":"Discipline","level":2,"score":0.43650001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138020889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349659","display_name":"Collaborative learning","level":2,"score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132413290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307322","display_name":"Reflective practice","level":2,"score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533356498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843894","display_name":"Critical thinking","level":2,"score":0.39590001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.39329999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986255434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131805","display_name":"Reflective thinking","level":2,"score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781410774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008186","display_name":"Cognitive strategy","level":3,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51672120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303446","display_name":"Cooperative learning","level":3,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.2547999918460846}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172634","display_name":"Computers & Education","issn_l":"0360-1315","issn":["0360-1315","1873-782X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1751799779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72274076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1117870474","https://openalex.org/W1967605054","https://openalex.org/W1968732144","https://openalex.org/W1986906765","https://openalex.org/W1996185744","https://openalex.org/W2011182411","https://openalex.org/W2035636774","https://openalex.org/W2058180322","https://openalex.org/W2069528990","https://openalex.org/W2070635017","https://openalex.org/W2085382987","https://openalex.org/W2091552421","https://openalex.org/W2093487900","https://openalex.org/W2129526815","https://openalex.org/W2137352813","https://openalex.org/W2138527993","https://openalex.org/W2145215246","https://openalex.org/W2156288458","https://openalex.org/W2299232431","https://openalex.org/W2503150073","https://openalex.org/W2903682220","https://openalex.org/W2923258712","https://openalex.org/W2928021247","https://openalex.org/W2946513516","https://openalex.org/W2947176491","https://openalex.org/W2951946146","https://openalex.org/W3000318324","https://openalex.org/W3197587444","https://openalex.org/W4220909391","https://openalex.org/W4224283707","https://openalex.org/W4242926314","https://openalex.org/W4294214797","https://openalex.org/W4304195819","https://openalex.org/W4308947461","https://openalex.org/W4320895080","https://openalex.org/W4321504196","https://openalex.org/W4323655724","https://openalex.org/W4328049487","https://openalex.org/W4378193514","https://openalex.org/W4379010216","https://openalex.org/W4382881569","https://openalex.org/W4385632485","https://openalex.org/W4385762179","https://openalex.org/W4387061132","https://openalex.org/W4388090657","https://openalex.org/W4389210056","https://openalex.org/W4391136507","https://openalex.org/W4392139984","https://openalex.org/W4392783116","https://openalex.org/W4393086054","https://openalex.org/W4393864430","https://openalex.org/W4399790131","https://openalex.org/W4401515033","https://openalex.org/W4404452151","https://openalex.org/W4404868315","https://openalex.org/W4405221137","https://openalex.org/W4407636419","https://openalex.org/W4407991202","https://openalex.org/W4409585768","https://openalex.org/W4410567913","https://openalex.org/W4411449502","https://openalex.org/W4411991800","https://openalex.org/W4414397002","https://openalex.org/W4414397065"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T08:17:42.794288","created_date":"2025-11-03T00:00:00"}
