{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414642629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2025.110979","title":"Real-time soil moisture mapping using scalable RF sensor networks","display_name":"Real-time soil moisture mapping using scalable RF sensor networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414642629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2025.110979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compag.2025.110979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2025.110979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116775814","display_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","issn_l":"0168-1699","issn":["0168-1699","1872-7107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2025.110979","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107995262","display_name":"Hongjun Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9048-1105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongjun Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Centre for Robotics, The University of Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9048-1105","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Centre for Robotics, The University of Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101414821","display_name":"E. M\u00fcller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3288-0439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Muller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Centre for Robotics, The University of Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Centre for Robotics, The University of Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049220423","display_name":"Alex B. McBratney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0913-2643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Mcbratney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004268965","display_name":"Salah Sukkarieh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1173-9268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salah Sukkarieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Centre for Robotics, The University of Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Centre for Robotics, The University of Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107995262"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602","https://openalex.org/I4210127558"],"apc_list":{"value":3680,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3680},"apc_paid":{"value":3680,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3680},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23161196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"239","issue":null,"first_page":"110979","last_page":"110979"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9478999972343445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5178999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5157999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-agriculture","display_name":"Precision agriculture","score":0.5115000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kriging","display_name":"Kriging","score":0.383899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-function","display_name":"Gaussian function","score":0.33660000562667847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5178999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5157999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120217122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740083","display_name":"Precision agriculture","level":3,"score":0.5115000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4860999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4372999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.383899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7218915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054475","display_name":"Gaussian function","level":3,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111185680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3866206","display_name":"Sensor node","level":5,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164285268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7159349","display_name":"Pedotransfer function","level":4,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175963888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5026010","display_name":"Soil texture","level":3,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778925768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454718","display_name":"Reflectometry","level":3,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141353440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182221","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65892221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1113935","display_name":"Gaussian filter","level":3,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compag.2025.110979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2025.110979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116775814","display_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","issn_l":"0168-1699","issn":["0168-1699","1872-7107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compag.2025.110979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2025.110979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116775814","display_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","issn_l":"0168-1699","issn":["0168-1699","1872-7107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W579496837","https://openalex.org/W626983028","https://openalex.org/W1971229472","https://openalex.org/W2899505594","https://openalex.org/W3005350625","https://openalex.org/W3167659500","https://openalex.org/W4211049957","https://openalex.org/W4286797736","https://openalex.org/W4293773504","https://openalex.org/W4295926332","https://openalex.org/W4385461109","https://openalex.org/W4391723357","https://openalex.org/W4401253777","https://openalex.org/W4406089709","https://openalex.org/W4408260511"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soil":[0],"moisture":[1,36,68,171,194,200,233],"mapping":[2,37,105,215],"is":[3,85,184,209,244],"critical":[4],"for":[5,173],"precision":[6,174],"irrigation,":[7],"crop":[8],"health,":[9],"and":[10,21,49,61,96,112,122,138,148,176,191,196,219,250,253],"water":[11],"management,":[12],"yet":[13],"traditional":[14],"approaches":[15],"are":[16,235,257],"limited":[17],"by":[18],"sparse":[19],"sampling":[20],"lack":[22],"of":[23,146,152,163,193],"adaptability":[24,129],"in":[25,125,237],"large":[26],"or":[27,82],"dynamic":[28],"fields.":[29],"This":[30],"paper":[31],"presents":[32],"a":[33,50,142,149],"real-time":[34,169,182,261],"soil":[35,67,170,199],"framework":[38,165,183],"that":[39,211],"leverages":[40],"scalable":[41],"RF":[42],"sensor":[43],"networks,":[44],"Gaussian":[45],"Process":[46],"Regression":[47],"(GPR),":[48],"cost-function-based":[51],"optimization":[52],"scheme.":[53],"The":[54,115,241],"system":[55],"dynamically":[56],"calculates":[57],"optimal":[58,189,231],"pixel":[59],"sizes":[60,192],"positions,":[62],"enabling":[63],"smooth":[64,247],"transitions":[65],"between":[66],"maps":[69,201],"as":[70],"the":[71,101,161,188,224,230,248,254],"underlying":[72],"network":[73,136],"topology":[74],"changes":[75],"due":[76],"to":[77,87,130,155,166,186,246,259],"node":[78],"failures,":[79],"communication":[80],"dropouts,":[81],"reconfigurations.":[83],"GPR":[84,242],"employed":[86],"filter":[88],"noisy":[89],"Received":[90],"Signal":[91],"Strength":[92],"Indicator":[93],"(RSSI)":[94],"values":[95,234],"interpolate":[97],"missing":[98],"data,":[99],"while":[100],"cost":[102,207,225],"function":[103,208,226],"balances":[104],"accuracy":[106],"with":[107,135,227,263],"consistency":[108],"across":[109,202],"RSSI-to-moisture":[110,220],"projections":[111],"probe":[113,251],"measurements.":[114],"proposed":[116,210],"approach":[117],"was":[118],"validated":[119],"through":[120],"simulation":[121],"field":[123,178],"trials":[124],"Cobbitty,":[126],"NSW,":[127],"demonstrating":[128],"asynchronous":[131],"data":[132],"streams,":[133,252],"scalability":[134],"size,":[137],"reliable":[139],"accuracy,":[140],"achieving":[141],"mean":[143,150],"absolute":[144],"error":[145],"1.28%":[147],"bias":[151],"-0.277%":[153],"compared":[154],"ground-truth":[156,217],"probes.":[157],"These":[158],"results":[159],"highlight":[160],"potential":[162],"this":[164],"provide":[167],"robust,":[168],"monitoring":[172],"agriculture":[175],"large-scale":[177],"deployment.":[179],"\u2022":[180,205,240],"A":[181,206],"designed":[185],"calculate":[187],"positions":[190],"pixels":[195],"smoothly":[197],"transform":[198],"variable":[203],"dimensions.":[204],"takes":[212],"into":[213],"account":[214],"errors,":[216],"measurements,":[218],"projections.":[221],"By":[222],"minimizing":[223],"forgetting":[228],"factors,":[229],"pixelated":[232],"obtained":[236],"real":[238],"time.":[239],"method":[243],"used":[245],"RSSI":[249],"integral":[255],"errors":[256],"leveraged":[258],"obtain":[260],"estimation":[262],"maximal":[264],"credibility.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-20T17:24:06.736184","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
