{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133213157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2026.108472","title":"Comparative analysis of TSN simulation and real-world setups: End-to-end latency and forwarding performance","display_name":"Comparative analysis of TSN simulation and real-world setups: End-to-end latency and forwarding performance","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133213157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2026.108472"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2026.108472","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2026.108472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115004586","display_name":"Computer Communications","issn_l":"0140-3664","issn":["0140-3664","1873-703X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2026.108472","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078240195","display_name":"Daniel Bezerra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3839-3642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25112270","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/047908t24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Bezerra","raw_affiliation_strings":["GPRT-UFPE, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego S/N, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3839-3642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GPRT-UFPE, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego S/N, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011682830","display_name":"Assis T. de Oliveira Filho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9873-6929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25112270","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/047908t24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Assis T. de Oliveira Filho","raw_affiliation_strings":["GPRT-UFPE, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego S/N, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GPRT-UFPE, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego S/N, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125338922","display_name":"Pedro R. X. do Carmo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25112270","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/047908t24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro R.X. do Carmo","raw_affiliation_strings":["GPRT-UFPE, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego S/N, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GPRT-UFPE, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego S/N, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007480342","display_name":"Judith Kelner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25112270","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/047908t24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judith Kelner","raw_affiliation_strings":["GPRT-UFPE, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego S/N, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GPRT-UFPE, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego S/N, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014967408","display_name":"Djamel Sadok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5378-4732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25112270","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/047908t24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Djamel Sadok","raw_affiliation_strings":["GPRT-UFPE, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego S/N, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GPRT-UFPE, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego S/N, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078240195"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35501075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"250","issue":null,"first_page":"108472","last_page":"108472"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.48829999566078186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.48829999566078186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.1445000022649765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.09830000251531601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.8187999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6693999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provisioning","display_name":"Provisioning","score":0.6176999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5587999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4212000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-performance","display_name":"Network performance","score":0.37709999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-processing","display_name":"Packet processing","score":0.36880001425743103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8823999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.8187999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6693999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6385999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.6176999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5587999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4212000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.37709999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7122997","display_name":"Packet processing","level":3,"score":0.36880001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54108766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391064","display_name":"Packet loss","level":3,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778915421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3643177","display_name":"Performance improvement","level":2,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113508815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193446","display_name":"Packet switching","level":3,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21434264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247320","display_name":"Processing delay","level":4,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16320812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812200","display_name":"Idle","level":2,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37624559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5375776","display_name":"End-to-end delay","level":3,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C553261973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14579","display_name":"Linux kernel","level":2,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779898492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Network virtualization","level":4,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7345512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209372","display_name":"Transport layer","level":3,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74294265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506273","display_name":"Circuit switching","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2026.108472","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2026.108472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115004586","display_name":"Computer Communications","issn_l":"0140-3664","issn":["0140-3664","1873-703X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2026.108472","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2026.108472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115004586","display_name":"Computer Communications","issn_l":"0140-3664","issn":["0140-3664","1873-703X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.45371079444885254,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2532915707","https://openalex.org/W2941092634","https://openalex.org/W2953481190","https://openalex.org/W2979041243","https://openalex.org/W3092217927","https://openalex.org/W3202718960","https://openalex.org/W3207337401","https://openalex.org/W3214792246","https://openalex.org/W4244705237","https://openalex.org/W4290996468","https://openalex.org/W4296123605","https://openalex.org/W4301780090","https://openalex.org/W4383553026","https://openalex.org/W4393235476","https://openalex.org/W4395054536","https://openalex.org/W4399377486","https://openalex.org/W4402370051"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time-sensitive":[0],"networking":[1],"(TSN)":[2],"is":[3,48],"a":[4,131],"promising":[5],"technology":[6],"for":[7,50,134],"local":[8],"area":[9],"applications":[10],"that":[11,114],"require":[12],"ultra-low":[13],"latency,":[14,34],"such":[15,185],"as":[16,130,186,209],"industrial":[17],"automation,":[18],"audio":[19],"and":[20,23,39,55,65,80,86,227,233],"video":[21],"bridging,":[22],"5G":[24],"fronthaul":[25],"transport.":[26],"TSN":[27,61,82,96,117,135,139,164,237],"guarantees":[28],"deterministic":[29],"packet":[30,36,41],"transport":[31],"with":[32],"low":[33,35,40],"delay":[37],"jitter,":[38],"loss.":[42],"Correct":[43],"provisioning":[44],"of":[45,153,197,206,223],"end-to-end":[46,110],"latency":[47,58,75,120,152],"crucial":[49],"achieving":[51],"optimal":[52],"network":[53,88],"performance":[54,232],"satisfying":[56],"flow":[57],"constraints.":[59],"As":[60],"increasingly":[62],"supports":[63],"cloud":[64],"fog":[66],"computing,":[67],"managing":[68],"virtualization":[69],"overhead":[70,179],"becomes":[71],"critical":[72],"to":[73,123,171,215],"preserving":[74],"performance.":[76],"This":[77],"work":[78],"analyzes":[79],"compares":[81],"simulated,":[83],"bare":[84,192],"metal,":[85],"virtualized":[87,236],"deployments.":[89],"The":[90],"study":[91],"focuses":[92],"on":[93,109],"an":[94,150],"important":[95],"mechanism,":[97],"namely,":[98],"the":[99,115,163,177,204,221,229],"IEEE":[100],"802.1Qav":[101],"credit-based":[102],"shaper":[103],"(CBS).":[104],"It":[105],"examines":[106],"its":[107],"impact":[108],"latency.":[111,198],"Experiments":[112],"show":[113],"conducted":[116],"simulations":[118],"provide":[119],"results":[121],"close":[122],"those":[124,187],"from":[125],"real-world":[126],"setups,":[127],"validating":[128],"simulation":[129],"reliable":[132],"tool":[133],"prototyping.":[136],"Meanwhile,":[137],"deploying":[138],"networks":[140],"in":[141,195,235],"virtualization-based":[142],"scenarios":[143,161],"presents":[144],"specific":[145],"trade-offs.":[146],"All":[147],"configurations":[148],"achieved":[149],"average":[151],"less":[154],"than":[155],"1":[156],"ms":[157],"across":[158],"all":[159],"tested":[160],"when":[162],"idle":[165],"slope":[166],"parameter":[167,225],"was":[168],"tuned":[169],"correctly":[170],"prioritize":[172],"CBS-regulated":[173],"traffic.":[174],"Notably,":[175],"despite":[176],"processing":[178],"introduced":[180],"by":[181],"virtualization,":[182],"optimized":[183],"configurations,":[184],"using":[188],"kernel":[189],"bypassing,":[190],"outperformed":[191],"metal":[193],"deployments":[194],"terms":[196],"However,":[199],"this":[200],"improvement":[201],"came":[202],"at":[203],"cost":[205],"reduced":[207],"throughput,":[208],"fewer":[210],"packets":[211],"were":[212],"forwarded":[213],"compared":[214],"other":[216],"scenarios.":[217],"These":[218],"findings":[219],"underscore":[220],"importance":[222],"CBS":[224],"tuning":[226],"highlight":[228],"balance":[230],"between":[231],"stability":[234],"environments.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-03-03T00:00:00"}