{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416980343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cola.2025.101381","title":"GeckoGraph: A visual language for polymorphic types","display_name":"GeckoGraph: A visual language for polymorphic types","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416980343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cola.2025.101381"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cola.2025.101381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cola.2025.101381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239993","display_name":"Journal of Computer Languages","issn_l":"2590-1184","issn":["2590-1184","2665-9182"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cola.2025.101381","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120632732","display_name":"Shuai Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5038-1521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5038-1521","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008149778","display_name":"Tim Dwyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9076-9571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Dwyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064839018","display_name":"Peter J. Stuckey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2186-0459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter J. Stuckey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082913979","display_name":"John Grundy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John C. Grundy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5120632732"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"apc_list":{"value":2170,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2170},"apc_paid":{"value":2170,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2170},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37402024,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"86","issue":null,"first_page":"101381","last_page":"101381"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.5577999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.5577999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.2964000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.04529999941587448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement","display_name":"Complement (music)","score":0.5906999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5508999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5102999806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.3776000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-type","display_name":"Data type","score":0.3619999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7358999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.5906999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5508999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5321000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.51419997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5102999806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4950999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3776000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138958017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190087","display_name":"Data type","level":2,"score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128644962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683111","display_name":"Visual programming language","level":2,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780878386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1659648","display_name":"Visual language","level":2,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2565000057220459}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cola.2025.101381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cola.2025.101381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239993","display_name":"Journal of Computer Languages","issn_l":"2590-1184","issn":["2590-1184","2665-9182"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:monash.edu:openaire/9af7aa30-0641-47bd-aea1-de60fd09f7a1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/9af7aa30-0641-47bd-aea1-de60fd09f7a1","pdf_url":"https://researchmgt.monash.edu/ws/files/773050573/746024846-oa.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402625","display_name":"Monash University Research Portal (Monash University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","host_organization_name":"Monash University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fu, S, Dwyer, T, Stuckey, P J & Grundy, J C 2026, 'GeckoGraph : A visual language for polymorphic types', Journal of Computer Languages, vol. 86, 101381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cola.2025.101381","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cola.2025.101381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cola.2025.101381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239993","display_name":"Journal of Computer Languages","issn_l":"2590-1184","issn":["2590-1184","2665-9182"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114566476","https://openalex.org/W2120348241","https://openalex.org/W2133472914","https://openalex.org/W2162319857","https://openalex.org/W2166822586","https://openalex.org/W2168745915","https://openalex.org/W2203258339","https://openalex.org/W2763441368","https://openalex.org/W2765634457"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polymorphic":[0],"type":[1,73,93,170],"is":[2,99],"an":[3],"important":[4],"feature":[5],"in":[6,18,54,117,130],"most":[7,138],"strongly":[8],"typed":[9],"programming":[10,107],"languages.":[11],"They":[12],"allow":[13],"functions":[14],"to":[15,46,52,69,91],"be":[16,23],"written":[17],"a":[19,62,85,127,163],"way":[20],"that":[21,158],"can":[22],"used":[24],"with":[25],"different":[26],"data":[27],"types,":[28],"while":[29],"still":[30],"enforcing":[31],"the":[32,37,100,137],"relationship":[33],"and":[34,48,50,79,149,165],"constraints":[35],"between":[36],"values.":[38],"However,":[39,124],"programmers":[40],"often":[41],"find":[42],"polymorphic":[43,169],"types":[44,81],"difficult":[45],"use":[47],"understand,":[49],"tend":[51],"reason":[53],"terms":[55],"of":[56],"concrete":[57],"types.":[58,66],"We":[59,83],"propose":[60],"GeckoGraph,":[61],"graphical":[63],"notation":[64,74],"for":[65,147,151,168],"GeckoGraph":[67,90,141,159],"aims":[68],"complement":[70],"traditional":[71],"text-based":[72,92],"by":[75,145],"making":[76],"reading,":[77],"understanding,":[78],"comparing":[80,89],"easier.":[82],"conducted":[84],"large-scale":[86],"user":[87,103],"study":[88,104],"notation.":[94],"To":[95],"our":[96],"knowledge,":[97],"this":[98],"largest":[101],"controlled":[102],"on":[105],"functional":[106],"ever":[108],"conducted.":[109],"The":[110],"results":[111],"show":[112],"no":[113],"overall":[114],"significant":[115],"differences":[116],"task":[118],"completion":[119],"time":[120],"or":[121],"success":[122,131,143],"rate.":[123],"we":[125],"observed":[126],"modest":[128],"improvement":[129],"rate":[132],"among":[133],"beginner":[134],"participants.":[135],"For":[136],"challenging":[139],"task,":[140],"improved":[142],"rates":[144],"14.5%":[146],"beginners":[148],"11.2%":[150],"less":[152],"experienced":[153],"users.":[154],"These":[155],"findings":[156],"suggest":[157],"has":[160],"potential":[161],"as":[162],"teaching":[164],"learning":[166],"aid":[167],"systems.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-10T08:33:47.465468","created_date":"2025-12-04T00:00:00"}
