{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409200482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2025.113090","title":"Fostering fairness in image classification through awareness of sensitive data","display_name":"Fostering fairness in image classification through awareness of sensitive data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409200482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2025.113090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2025.113090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2025.113090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140556538","display_name":"Applied Soft Computing","issn_l":"1568-4946","issn":["1568-4946","1872-9681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2025.113090","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035498240","display_name":"Ivona Colakovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1603-9458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37696226","display_name":"University of Maribor","ror":"https://ror.org/01d5jce07","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ivona Colakovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Maribor, Koro\u0161ka cesta 46, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1603-9458","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Maribor, Koro\u0161ka cesta 46, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037147508","display_name":"Sa\u0161o Karakati\u010d","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4441-9690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37696226","display_name":"University of Maribor","ror":"https://ror.org/01d5jce07","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sa\u0161o Karakati\u010d","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Maribor, Koro\u0161ka cesta 46, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4441-9690","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Maribor, Koro\u0161ka cesta 46, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035498240"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"fwci":4.0757,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93037074,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"175","issue":null,"first_page":"113090","last_page":"113090"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9472000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.916700005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5983988046646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4414314925670624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3703041076660156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5983988046646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4414314925670624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3703041076660156}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2025.113090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2025.113090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140556538","display_name":"Applied Soft Computing","issn_l":"1568-4946","issn":["1568-4946","1872-9681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2025.113090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2025.113090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140556538","display_name":"Applied Soft Computing","issn_l":"1568-4946","issn":["1568-4946","1872-9681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3802845127","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J5-50176","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G749772546","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P2-0057","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","ror":"https://ror.org/059bp8k51"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1583837637","https://openalex.org/W2006447892","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2913556077","https://openalex.org/W2986378528","https://openalex.org/W3181414820","https://openalex.org/W3187487833","https://openalex.org/W4206668658","https://openalex.org/W4232161688","https://openalex.org/W4238124605","https://openalex.org/W4255556797","https://openalex.org/W4285407558","https://openalex.org/W4288058298","https://openalex.org/W4298135728","https://openalex.org/W4298417552","https://openalex.org/W4318211321","https://openalex.org/W4319792494","https://openalex.org/W4376523999","https://openalex.org/W4386866349","https://openalex.org/W4392366624","https://openalex.org/W4393054471","https://openalex.org/W4393294663","https://openalex.org/W4400878073","https://openalex.org/W4403601086","https://openalex.org/W6675359311","https://openalex.org/W6684072790","https://openalex.org/W6728551298","https://openalex.org/W6729253952","https://openalex.org/W6752460210","https://openalex.org/W6759241479","https://openalex.org/W6776167287","https://openalex.org/W6779491357","https://openalex.org/W6787950778","https://openalex.org/W6791505834","https://openalex.org/W6795686721","https://openalex.org/W6800157503","https://openalex.org/W6809756426","https://openalex.org/W6810623899","https://openalex.org/W6810929268","https://openalex.org/W6848258206"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1],"(ML)":[2],"has":[3,47],"demonstrated":[4],"remarkable":[5],"ability":[6],"to":[7,88,152,168],"uncover":[8],"hidden":[9],"patterns":[10],"in":[11,28,106,119,134,142,156,178,190],"data.":[12],"However,":[13],"the":[14,22,29,37,78,113,131,140,145,163],"presence":[15],"of":[16,40,144,180],"biases":[17],"and":[18,59,62],"discrimination":[19],"originating":[20],"from":[21],"data":[23],"itself":[24],"and,":[25],"consequently,":[26],"emerging":[27],"ML":[30],"outcomes,":[31],"remains":[32],"a":[33,71,103],"pressing":[34],"concern.":[35],"With":[36],"exponential":[38],"growth":[39],"unstructured":[41],"data,":[42],"such":[43],"as":[44,51],"images,":[45],"fairness":[46,120,143,155,184],"become":[48],"increasingly":[49],"critical,":[50],"neural":[52],"network":[53],"(NN)":[54],"models":[55],"may":[56],"inadvertently":[57],"learn":[58],"perpetuate":[60],"societal":[61],"historical":[63],"biases.":[64],"To":[65],"address":[66],"this":[67],"challenge,":[68],"we":[69],"propose":[70,149],"fairness-aware":[72,150],"loss":[73,151],"function":[74],"that":[75,130],"iteratively":[76],"prioritizes":[77],"worst-performing":[79,164],"sensitive":[80,93],"group":[81,154,165],"during":[82,166],"NN":[83],"training.":[84],"This":[85],"approach":[86],"aims":[87],"balance":[89],"treatment":[90],"quality":[91,136],"across":[92],"groups,":[94],"achieving":[95],"fairer":[96],"image":[97,157],"classification":[98],"outcomes":[99],"while":[100,122],"incurring":[101],"only":[102],"slight":[104],"compromise":[105],"overall":[107,125,135,191],"performance.":[108],"Our":[109],"method,":[110],"evaluated":[111],"on":[112,162],"FairFace":[114],"dataset,":[115],"demonstrates":[116],"significant":[117,188],"improvements":[118],"metrics":[121],"maintaining":[123],"comparable":[124],"quality.":[126,171,192],"These":[127],"trade-offs":[128],"highlight":[129],"minor":[132],"decrease":[133],"is":[137,185],"justified":[138],"by":[139],"improvement":[141],"models.":[146],"\u2022":[147,159,172,182],"We":[148],"improve":[153],"classification.":[158],"It":[160],"focuses":[161],"training":[167],"ensure":[169],"balanced":[170],"The":[173],"results":[174],"show":[175],"superior":[176],"performance":[177],"terms":[179],"fairness.":[181],"Improved":[183],"achieved":[186],"without":[187],"drop":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-02-22T13:39:03.778224","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
