{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019056764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90253-c","title":"Complexity in left-associative grammar","display_name":"Complexity in left-associative grammar","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019056764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90253-c","mag":"2019056764"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(92)90253-c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90253-c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108355148","display_name":"Roland Hausser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roland Hausser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander Universit\u00e4t, Bismarckstr. 12, D-8520 Erlangen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander Universit\u00e4t, Bismarckstr. 12, D-8520 Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108355148"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4806,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62559751,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"106","issue":"2","first_page":"283","last_page":"308"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5936387181282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pushdown-automaton","display_name":"Pushdown automaton","score":0.5396478176116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.5367220044136047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4666687548160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.45820048451423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-sensitive-grammar","display_name":"Context-sensitive grammar","score":0.44423675537109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-language","display_name":"Formal language","score":0.4340507984161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-grammar","display_name":"Context-free grammar","score":0.3864452540874481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.3674057126045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.366120845079422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-machine","display_name":"Finite-state machine","score":0.35492706298828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.306193083524704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2911536693572998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.2893773913383484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5936387181282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77944639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751443","display_name":"Pushdown automaton","level":3,"score":0.5396478176116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.5367220044136047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4666687548160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.45820048451423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125950753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908674","display_name":"Context-sensitive grammar","level":4,"score":0.44423675537109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146072743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192161","display_name":"Formal language","level":2,"score":0.4340507984161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.3864452540874481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.3674057126045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.366120845079422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167822520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite-state machine","level":2,"score":0.35492706298828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.306193083524704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2911536693572998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2893773913383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(92)90253-c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90253-c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.51.883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.51.883","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.linguistik.uni-erlangen.de/~leidner/pub/ps/complexity.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.53.108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.53.108","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://saturn.linguistik.uni-erlangen.de/~rrh/complexity.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W649173217","https://openalex.org/W956032893","https://openalex.org/W1486922765","https://openalex.org/W1513306845","https://openalex.org/W1535681052","https://openalex.org/W1604166792","https://openalex.org/W1817451992","https://openalex.org/W1996878052","https://openalex.org/W2002089154","https://openalex.org/W2016206602","https://openalex.org/W2049253047","https://openalex.org/W2050169407","https://openalex.org/W2080280205","https://openalex.org/W2117140417","https://openalex.org/W2122472280","https://openalex.org/W2134495021","https://openalex.org/W2136280457","https://openalex.org/W2592184324","https://openalex.org/W3003374142","https://openalex.org/W4302339081","https://openalex.org/W6677632578"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112260768","https://openalex.org/W1847229592","https://openalex.org/W4386698224","https://openalex.org/W2050781547","https://openalex.org/W1566079456","https://openalex.org/W4301268489","https://openalex.org/W2230954208","https://openalex.org/W4322775206","https://openalex.org/W4226300816","https://openalex.org/W2049637229"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
