{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1972770363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(85)90157-4","title":"The smallest automation recognizing the subwords of a text","display_name":"The smallest automation recognizing the subwords of a text","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1972770363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(85)90157-4","mag":"1972770363"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(85)90157-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(85)90157-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005410093","display_name":"Anselm Blumer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2802-3333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Blumer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, U.S.A","Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208,U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208,U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072858104","display_name":"J. Blumer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Blumer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, U.S.A","Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208,U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208,U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090849321","display_name":"David Haussler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-4575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Haussler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, U.S.A","Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208,U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208,U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045244980","display_name":"Andrzej Ehrenfeucht","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Ehrenfeucht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80302, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80302, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073396719","display_name":"M. T. Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.T. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Nanjing, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Nanjing, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009639694","display_name":"Joel Seiferas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Seiferas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005410093"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3813,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":319,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96937447,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":null,"first_page":"31","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alphabet","display_name":"Alphabet","score":0.7458272576332092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.7112197875976562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6370530724525452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6102209687232971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deterministic-finite-automaton","display_name":"Deterministic finite automaton","score":0.5783165693283081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaton","display_name":"Automaton","score":0.5760443210601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5375153422355652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-machine","display_name":"Finite-state machine","score":0.4738657474517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.4557376503944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.45202091336250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4517674446105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dfa-minimization","display_name":"DFA minimization","score":0.43142956495285034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4033210277557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.24963676929473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondeterministic-finite-automaton","display_name":"Nondeterministic finite automaton","score":0.247397780418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.16220563650131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10947680473327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automata-theory","display_name":"Automata theory","score":0.08725687861442566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112876837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837518","display_name":"Alphabet","level":2,"score":0.7458272576332092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.7112197875976562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6370530724525452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6102209687232971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104091681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837528","display_name":"Deterministic finite automaton","level":3,"score":0.5783165693283081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.5760443210601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5375153422355652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167822520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite-state machine","level":2,"score":0.4738657474517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4557376503944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.45202091336250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4517674446105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65753522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5204896","display_name":"DFA minimization","level":5,"score":0.43142956495285034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4033210277557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24963676929473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158008952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617295","display_name":"Nondeterministic finite automaton","level":4,"score":0.247397780418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.16220563650131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10947680473327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116248031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214526","display_name":"Automata theory","level":3,"score":0.08725687861442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(85)90157-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(85)90157-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5487711","https://openalex.org/W48952935","https://openalex.org/W421997344","https://openalex.org/W1515216880","https://openalex.org/W1594083431","https://openalex.org/W1608221733","https://openalex.org/W1967384930","https://openalex.org/W1985108724","https://openalex.org/W2002089154","https://openalex.org/W2004052044","https://openalex.org/W2017661493","https://openalex.org/W2024145045","https://openalex.org/W2041691213","https://openalex.org/W2045713755","https://openalex.org/W2088432971","https://openalex.org/W2090485671","https://openalex.org/W2099964107","https://openalex.org/W2121252285","https://openalex.org/W2134826720","https://openalex.org/W2155512447","https://openalex.org/W2533248932","https://openalex.org/W3110765098","https://openalex.org/W4302339081","https://openalex.org/W6600222358","https://openalex.org/W6602014854","https://openalex.org/W6630774200","https://openalex.org/W6635570716","https://openalex.org/W6636420668","https://openalex.org/W6661879801","https://openalex.org/W6728628127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111868903","https://openalex.org/W2355522437","https://openalex.org/W2019603173","https://openalex.org/W2010588138","https://openalex.org/W2384360959","https://openalex.org/W2359597723","https://openalex.org/W2315419748","https://openalex.org/W3012311918","https://openalex.org/W4312340169","https://openalex.org/W3087272834"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T14:07:55.174380","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}