{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2041427674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(91)90095-u","title":"Fiber-optic LAN/WAN systems to support confidential communication","display_name":"Fiber-optic LAN/WAN systems to support confidential communication","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2041427674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(91)90095-u","mag":"2041427674"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-4048(91)90095-u","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(91)90095-u","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072070401","display_name":"Gnanesh Coomaraswamy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gnanesh Coomaraswamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3118, U.S.A","Northwestern University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3118, U.S.A.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3118, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3118, U.S.A.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100809874","display_name":"Srikanta P. Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srikanta P.R. Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3118, U.S.A","Northwestern University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3118, U.S.A.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3118, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3118, U.S.A.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083133862","display_name":"M.E. Marhic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel E. Marhic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3118, U.S.A","Northwestern University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3118, U.S.A.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3118, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3118, U.S.A.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072070401"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5006,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65608558,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"8","first_page":"765","last_page":"776"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7484065294265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metropolitan-area-network","display_name":"Metropolitan area network","score":0.7024880051612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6386409401893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcast-domain","display_name":"Broadcast domain","score":0.6100059151649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcast-communication-network","display_name":"Broadcast communication network","score":0.5834246873855591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.5088882446289062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.49622780084609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.4929072856903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-area-network","display_name":"Local area network","score":0.489300936460495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-network","display_name":"Telecommunications network","score":0.47443142533302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-to-point","display_name":"Point-to-point","score":0.4632476568222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4537496864795685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.45100346207618713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber","display_name":"Fiber","score":0.416865736246109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3353610634803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-broadcast","display_name":"Atomic broadcast","score":0.2839275896549225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcasting","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","score":0.23774179816246033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7484065294265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13263538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182129","display_name":"Metropolitan area network","level":3,"score":0.7024880051612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6386409401893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66901998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922117","display_name":"Broadcast domain","level":4,"score":0.6100059151649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83529365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4972103","display_name":"Broadcast communication network","level":2,"score":0.5834246873855591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.5088882446289062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.49622780084609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.4929072856903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137471899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11381","display_name":"Local area network","level":2,"score":0.489300936460495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.47443142533302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174440990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q681349","display_name":"Point-to-point","level":2,"score":0.4632476568222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4537496864795685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.45100346207618713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.416865736246109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3353610634803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C943373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817323","display_name":"Atomic broadcast","level":3,"score":0.2839275896549225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110157686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922122","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","level":2,"score":0.23774179816246033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-4048(91)90095-u","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(91)90095-u","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17218164","https://openalex.org/W1966396238","https://openalex.org/W1976600412","https://openalex.org/W1991040793","https://openalex.org/W1994593991","https://openalex.org/W2001788001","https://openalex.org/W2009562587","https://openalex.org/W2009712455","https://openalex.org/W2021800762","https://openalex.org/W2034174801","https://openalex.org/W2073198021","https://openalex.org/W2091186664","https://openalex.org/W2099468012","https://openalex.org/W2119956390","https://openalex.org/W2132983888","https://openalex.org/W2134863191","https://openalex.org/W2146973388","https://openalex.org/W2162906480","https://openalex.org/W2165368734","https://openalex.org/W2175422450","https://openalex.org/W2993281296","https://openalex.org/W4252364404","https://openalex.org/W6600705487","https://openalex.org/W6674730533","https://openalex.org/W6677902941","https://openalex.org/W6679763352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W567606637","https://openalex.org/W2363770701","https://openalex.org/W2326415172","https://openalex.org/W584748773","https://openalex.org/W2143949570","https://openalex.org/W2375394794","https://openalex.org/W2390669565","https://openalex.org/W3163801999","https://openalex.org/W2384502276","https://openalex.org/W2041427674"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
