{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998038596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0653(04)00528-1","title":"A Multilevel Genetic Algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem","display_name":"A Multilevel Genetic Algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998038596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0653(04)00528-1","mag":"1998038596"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1571-0653(04)00528-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0653(04)00528-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S902237881","display_name":"Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics","issn_l":"1571-0653","issn":["1571-0653"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084813055","display_name":"Noureddine Bouhmala","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Noureddine Bouhmala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vestfold University College, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vestfold University College, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084813055"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10574509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"54","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.8910999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.8910999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travelling-salesman-problem","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","score":0.8745406866073608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.7298935055732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5936647057533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-based-incremental-learning","display_name":"Population-based incremental learning","score":0.5751434564590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5413070321083069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5400733351707458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5370534658432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/christofides-algorithm","display_name":"Christofides algorithm","score":0.5241202116012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.48984405398368835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.472883403301239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4544532597064972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2-opt","display_name":"2-opt","score":0.4140031933784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40147513151168823}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175859090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322212","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","level":2,"score":0.8745406866073608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.7298935055732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5936647057533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184497298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7229773","display_name":"Population-based incremental learning","level":3,"score":0.5751434564590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5413070321083069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5400733351707458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5370534658432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138600008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498144","display_name":"Christofides algorithm","level":4,"score":0.5241202116012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.48984405398368835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.472883403301239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4544532597064972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106472803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q291440","display_name":"2-opt","level":3,"score":0.4140031933784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40147513151168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1571-0653(04)00528-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0653(04)00528-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S902237881","display_name":"Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics","issn_l":"1571-0653","issn":["1571-0653"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389782626","https://openalex.org/W1595757466","https://openalex.org/W4200179302","https://openalex.org/W1645834615","https://openalex.org/W2766731260","https://openalex.org/W2980689483","https://openalex.org/W562960941","https://openalex.org/W3210931532","https://openalex.org/W2554682917","https://openalex.org/W4385382797"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}