{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2147977988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1532-0464(02)00528-2","title":"The cohesive metaschema: a higher-level abstraction of the UMLS Semantic Network","display_name":"The cohesive metaschema: a higher-level abstraction of the UMLS Semantic Network","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2147977988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1532-0464(02)00528-2","mag":"2147977988","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12669983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1532-0464(02)00528-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1532-0464(02)00528-2","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532046402005282/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11622463","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","issn_l":"1532-0464","issn":["1532-0464","1532-0480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532046402005282/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077648725","display_name":"Yehoshua Perl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-9386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yehoshua Perl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. perl@oak.njit.edu","Computer Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. perl@oak.njit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zong Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040065844","display_name":"Michael Halper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4135-0069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47449453","display_name":"Kean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wzzqn13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Halper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070654032","display_name":"James Geller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9120-525X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Geller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425448","display_name":"Li Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7914-0679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106940460","display_name":"Yi Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077648725"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"],"apc_list":{"value":2980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2980},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8761,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72386939,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"3","first_page":"194","last_page":"212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-medical-language-system","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","score":0.9479244947433472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8083425760269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-network","display_name":"Semantic network","score":0.5522425770759583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5341780185699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.521709144115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.5182292461395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5118533968925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4984774589538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.4663013517856598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.4321518540382385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.382149338722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1415206491947174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07611778378486633}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69505689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455338","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","level":2,"score":0.9479244947433472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8083425760269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85407183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045785","display_name":"Semantic network","level":2,"score":0.5522425770759583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5341780185699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.521709144115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.5182292461395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5118533968925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4984774589538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4663013517856598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.4321518540382385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.382149338722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1415206491947174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07611778378486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003628","descriptor_name":"Database Management Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003628","descriptor_name":"Database Management Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003628","descriptor_name":"Database Management Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004018","descriptor_name":"Dictionaries, Medical as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004018","descriptor_name":"Dictionaries, Medical as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004018","descriptor_name":"Dictionaries, Medical as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009317","descriptor_name":"National Library of Medicine (U.S.)","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009317","descriptor_name":"National Library of Medicine (U.S.)","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009317","descriptor_name":"National Library of Medicine (U.S.)","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013358","descriptor_name":"Subject Headings","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013358","descriptor_name":"Subject Headings","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013358","descriptor_name":"Subject Headings","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018875","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary, Controlled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018875","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary, Controlled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018875","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary, Controlled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1532-0464(02)00528-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1532-0464(02)00528-2","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532046402005282/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11622463","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","issn_l":"1532-0464","issn":["1532-0464","1532-0480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12669983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12669983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of biomedical informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1532-0464(02)00528-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1532-0464(02)00528-2","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532046402005282/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11622463","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","issn_l":"1532-0464","issn":["1532-0464","1532-0480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2147977988.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2147977988.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101651648","https://openalex.org/W138612281","https://openalex.org/W157320947","https://openalex.org/W182839085","https://openalex.org/W192828507","https://openalex.org/W1042295638","https://openalex.org/W1500388473","https://openalex.org/W1518399097","https://openalex.org/W1531420196","https://openalex.org/W1538807643","https://openalex.org/W1579458125","https://openalex.org/W1596282532","https://openalex.org/W1604730643","https://openalex.org/W1822004795","https://openalex.org/W1898025374","https://openalex.org/W2032133388","https://openalex.org/W2115871101","https://openalex.org/W2135240301","https://openalex.org/W2140205652","https://openalex.org/W2162311237","https://openalex.org/W2270018644","https://openalex.org/W2800716056","https://openalex.org/W6605610795","https://openalex.org/W6606318843","https://openalex.org/W6627073796","https://openalex.org/W6630046547","https://openalex.org/W6630981590","https://openalex.org/W6635752634","https://openalex.org/W6638607681","https://openalex.org/W6677115753","https://openalex.org/W6694243667","https://openalex.org/W7025199648"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W95090919","https://openalex.org/W2122747165","https://openalex.org/W1042295638","https://openalex.org/W2129765832","https://openalex.org/W2530576204","https://openalex.org/W2171752146","https://openalex.org/W2171844289","https://openalex.org/W2115155821","https://openalex.org/W1649659531","https://openalex.org/W1579458125"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-02T14:50:37.381335","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}