{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965000317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1389-0417(01)00057-2","title":"From synapses to rules","display_name":"From synapses to rules","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965000317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1389-0417(01)00057-2","mag":"1965000317"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1389-0417(01)00057-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1389-0417(01)00057-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96254641","display_name":"Cognitive Systems Research","issn_l":"1389-0417","issn":["1389-0417","2214-4366"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Systems Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057725342","display_name":"Bruno Apolloni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5666-7336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. Apolloni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dip. di Scienze dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Comelico 39/41, 20135 Milano, Italy","Dip. di Scienze dell'Informazione, Universit\u00ed degli Studi di Milano, Via Comelico 39/41, 20135 Milano, Italy#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dip. di Scienze dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Comelico 39/41, 20135 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dip. di Scienze dell'Informazione, Universit\u00ed degli Studi di Milano, Via Comelico 39/41, 20135 Milano, Italy#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005837237","display_name":"Dario Malchiodi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7574-697X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Malchiodi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dip. di Scienze dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Comelico 39/41, 20135 Milano, Italy","Dip. di Scienze dell'Informazione, Universit\u00ed degli Studi di Milano, Via Comelico 39/41, 20135 Milano, Italy#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dip. di Scienze dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Comelico 39/41, 20135 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dip. di Scienze dell'Informazione, Universit\u00ed degli Studi di Milano, Via Comelico 39/41, 20135 Milano, Italy#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028323884","display_name":"Christos Orovas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4797-5134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Orovas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dip. di Scienze dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Comelico 39/41, 20135 Milano, Italy","Dip. di Scienze dell'Informazione, Universit\u00ed degli Studi di Milano, Via Comelico 39/41, 20135 Milano, Italy#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dip. di Scienze dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Comelico 39/41, 20135 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dip. di Scienze dell'Informazione, Universit\u00ed degli Studi di Milano, Via Comelico 39/41, 20135 Milano, Italy#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047549240","display_name":"G. Palmas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154781","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/053bqv655","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Palmas","raw_affiliation_strings":["ST Microelectronics s.r.l. Agrate Brianza (Mi), Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ST Microelectronics s.r.l. Agrate Brianza (Mi), Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057725342"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"apc_list":{"value":2770,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2770},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3922,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96684848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"167","last_page":"201"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7013927698135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5306493043899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5127719044685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.49473997950553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46626147627830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.44902193546295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-inference","display_name":"Rule of inference","score":0.4276798665523529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4236443042755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3627912998199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3617766499519348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3535240888595581}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7013927698135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5306493043899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5127719044685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.49473997950553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46626147627830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.44902193546295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3746660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068763","display_name":"Rule of inference","level":2,"score":0.4276798665523529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4236443042755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3627912998199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3617766499519348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3535240888595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1389-0417(01)00057-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1389-0417(01)00057-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96254641","display_name":"Cognitive Systems Research","issn_l":"1389-0417","issn":["1389-0417","2214-4366"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Systems Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.8.4782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.8.4782","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://laren.usr.dsi.unimi.it/en/../articles/CSR.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109020964","https://openalex.org/W116304214","https://openalex.org/W1517585663","https://openalex.org/W1538818782","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1607789910","https://openalex.org/W1638203394","https://openalex.org/W1965006329","https://openalex.org/W1971844566","https://openalex.org/W1974832471","https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W1983211246","https://openalex.org/W2020647649","https://openalex.org/W2058481336","https://openalex.org/W2081192873","https://openalex.org/W2098545770","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2105518356","https://openalex.org/W2106596127","https://openalex.org/W2112036221","https://openalex.org/W2113882472","https://openalex.org/W2117049614","https://openalex.org/W2118701321","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2139315674","https://openalex.org/W2142635246","https://openalex.org/W2154952480","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2166043565","https://openalex.org/W2189004000","https://openalex.org/W2544415776","https://openalex.org/W2766736793","https://openalex.org/W2796556654","https://openalex.org/W3003623942","https://openalex.org/W4206686222","https://openalex.org/W4206794571","https://openalex.org/W4232359393","https://openalex.org/W4241962560","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6631983437","https://openalex.org/W6636467055","https://openalex.org/W6641354397","https://openalex.org/W6676885637","https://openalex.org/W6729175439","https://openalex.org/W6990023262"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3203330043","https://openalex.org/W1584374742","https://openalex.org/W2119264717","https://openalex.org/W102683223","https://openalex.org/W2710049634","https://openalex.org/W2047356095","https://openalex.org/W1984225148","https://openalex.org/W1559068841","https://openalex.org/W2547621624","https://openalex.org/W146952150"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
