{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4254438235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1363-4127(00)03001-6","title":"Introduction","display_name":"Introduction","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4254438235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1363-4127(00)03001-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1363-4127(00)03001-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1363-4127(00)03001-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206909572","display_name":"Information Security Technical Report","issn_l":"1363-4127","issn":["1363-4127","1873-605X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Security Technical Report","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011020659","display_name":"Chez Ciechanowicz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","display_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04g2vpn86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chez Ciechanowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Security Group Royal Holloway, University of London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Group Royal Holloway, University of London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011020659"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65895118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.4505999982357025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.4505999982357025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gsm","display_name":"GSM","score":0.6258749961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6134617924690247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6041259169578552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5937864184379578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4878847599029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.44310736656188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.42288559675216675}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59201141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46904","display_name":"GSM","level":2,"score":0.6258749961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6134617924690247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6041259169578552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5937864184379578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4878847599029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.44310736656188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.42288559675216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1363-4127(00)03001-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1363-4127(00)03001-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206909572","display_name":"Information Security Technical Report","issn_l":"1363-4127","issn":["1363-4127","1873-605X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Security Technical Report","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1823457431","https://openalex.org/W2553656238","https://openalex.org/W4238732447","https://openalex.org/W2155503889","https://openalex.org/W4243960761","https://openalex.org/W2116284816","https://openalex.org/W2012531322","https://openalex.org/W2360333859","https://openalex.org/W2104780442","https://openalex.org/W2159128798"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
