{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006672260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1361-8415(98)80013-3","title":"Semiautomatic segmentation of brain exterior in magnetic resonance images driven by empirical procedures and anatomical knowledge","display_name":"Semiautomatic segmentation of brain exterior in magnetic resonance images driven by empirical procedures and anatomical knowledge","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006672260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1361-8415(98)80013-3","mag":"2006672260","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10072199"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1361-8415(98)80013-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1361-8415(98)80013-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043802959","display_name":"Andrew J. Worth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-4886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174015415","display_name":"Morpho (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05q5em355","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174015415"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J. Worth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Morphometric Analysis, Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Charlestown 02129-2000, USA. andy@cma.mgh.harvard.edu","Center for Morphometric Analysis, Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Building 149, 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129-2000, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Morphometric Analysis, Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Charlestown 02129-2000, USA. andy@cma.mgh.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I174015415"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Morphometric Analysis, Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Building 149, 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129-2000, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110130341","display_name":"Nikos Makris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikos Makris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Morphometric Analysis, Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Building 149, 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129-2000, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Morphometric Analysis, Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Building 149, 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129-2000, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016301951","display_name":"James W. Meyer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James W. Meyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Morphometric Analysis, Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Building 149, 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129-2000, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Morphometric Analysis, Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Building 149, 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129-2000, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110255946","display_name":"Verne S. Caviness","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Verne S. Caviness","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Morphometric Analysis, Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Building 149, 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129-2000, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Morphometric Analysis, Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Building 149, 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129-2000, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108225278","display_name":"David Kennedy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David N. Kennedy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Morphometric Analysis, Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Building 149, 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129-2000, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Morphometric Analysis, Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Building 149, 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129-2000, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043802959"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174015415","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"],"apc_list":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5042,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66733328,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"315","last_page":"324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.796928882598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6794456839561462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.642881453037262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5916142463684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.5904160141944885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.5608552098274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/choroid-plexus","display_name":"Choroid plexus","score":0.5098756551742554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5098606944084167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4989352226257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45824286341667175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.44910240173339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2682999074459076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13407015800476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08275598287582397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.07569953799247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.07126674056053162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.796928882598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6794456839561462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.642881453037262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5916142463684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5904160141944885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.5608552098274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776538271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926250","display_name":"Choroid plexus","level":3,"score":0.5098756551742554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5098606944084167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4989352226257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45824286341667175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.44910240173339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2682999074459076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13407015800476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08275598287582397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07569953799247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.07126674056053162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001927","descriptor_name":"Brain Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001927","descriptor_name":"Brain Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001927","descriptor_name":"Brain Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1361-8415(98)80013-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1361-8415(98)80013-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10072199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10072199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical image analysis","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140092586","https://openalex.org/W941403958","https://openalex.org/W1248700030","https://openalex.org/W1575600429","https://openalex.org/W1599063260","https://openalex.org/W1606131697","https://openalex.org/W1970402412","https://openalex.org/W1972468300","https://openalex.org/W1991785932","https://openalex.org/W2001742431","https://openalex.org/W2004415988","https://openalex.org/W2005966890","https://openalex.org/W2007212664","https://openalex.org/W2015513598","https://openalex.org/W2018242788","https://openalex.org/W2020865149","https://openalex.org/W2025274737","https://openalex.org/W2038560960","https://openalex.org/W2041276929","https://openalex.org/W2044420453","https://openalex.org/W2051183365","https://openalex.org/W2051690784","https://openalex.org/W2054583852","https://openalex.org/W2056291649","https://openalex.org/W2076608722","https://openalex.org/W2078690270","https://openalex.org/W2079173665","https://openalex.org/W2097559385","https://openalex.org/W2101861019","https://openalex.org/W2108817119","https://openalex.org/W2108843657","https://openalex.org/W2112302105","https://openalex.org/W2117151480","https://openalex.org/W2117507891","https://openalex.org/W2119279880","https://openalex.org/W2128415127","https://openalex.org/W2132499268","https://openalex.org/W2147786839","https://openalex.org/W2147883225","https://openalex.org/W2149205574","https://openalex.org/W2159965356","https://openalex.org/W2162630772","https://openalex.org/W2163940053","https://openalex.org/W2235622386","https://openalex.org/W3080297631","https://openalex.org/W3127623214","https://openalex.org/W3217380390","https://openalex.org/W6605755030","https://openalex.org/W6624640633","https://openalex.org/W6628179991","https://openalex.org/W6634340261","https://openalex.org/W6652278686","https://openalex.org/W6677035301","https://openalex.org/W6683598933"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106203719","https://openalex.org/W2141091216","https://openalex.org/W2142190022","https://openalex.org/W2075323559","https://openalex.org/W3023223555","https://openalex.org/W1975692580","https://openalex.org/W1981175979","https://openalex.org/W2576798443","https://openalex.org/W2021346914","https://openalex.org/W1903546212"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}