{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994483619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0954-1810(97)00004-6","title":"Synthesis of reinforcement learning, neural networks and PI control applied to a simulated heating coil","display_name":"Synthesis of reinforcement learning, neural networks and PI control applied to a simulated heating coil","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994483619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0954-1810(97)00004-6","mag":"1994483619"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0954-1810(97)00004-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0954-1810(97)00004-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134649062","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Engineering","issn_l":"0954-1810","issn":["0954-1810","1879-1492"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036335957","display_name":"Charles W. Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7392-3840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles W. Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113505140","display_name":"Douglas C. Hittle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Douglas C. Hittle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA","(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002202788","display_name":"Alon D. Katz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alon D. Katz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA","(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040378877","display_name":"R. Matthew Kretchmar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.Matt Kretchmar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002202788","https://openalex.org/A5113505140"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7966,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70857603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"421","last_page":"429"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8495273590087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7151892185211182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.7008056640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6843740344047546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.6664128303527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.6257908344268799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5298033952713013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4322040379047394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4279427230358124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.41021671891212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.401980996131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3744933009147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36225903034210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.33674031496047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2717353105545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.06526663899421692}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8495273590087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7151892185211182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.7008056640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6843740344047546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.6664128303527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.6257908344268799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5298033952713013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4322040379047394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4279427230358124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.41021671891212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.401980996131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3744933009147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36225903034210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.33674031496047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2717353105545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06526663899421692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0954-1810(97)00004-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0954-1810(97)00004-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134649062","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Engineering","issn_l":"0954-1810","issn":["0954-1810","1879-1492"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.55.6182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.55.6182","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.colostate.edu/~anderson/pubs/aie.ps.Z","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332169","display_name":"Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/025kzpk63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65737802","https://openalex.org/W170072734","https://openalex.org/W354832773","https://openalex.org/W1610678877","https://openalex.org/W2096819302","https://openalex.org/W2100677568","https://openalex.org/W2165028756","https://openalex.org/W2588362466","https://openalex.org/W2598912124","https://openalex.org/W3011120880","https://openalex.org/W3041202696","https://openalex.org/W6602675289","https://openalex.org/W6606940797","https://openalex.org/W6636530465","https://openalex.org/W6684420396","https://openalex.org/W6775686901","https://openalex.org/W6792314621"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002991661","https://openalex.org/W4206227994","https://openalex.org/W2391195829","https://openalex.org/W2357581571","https://openalex.org/W2373166766","https://openalex.org/W1981443077","https://openalex.org/W2386183867","https://openalex.org/W2354083484","https://openalex.org/W3211847530","https://openalex.org/W3111491432"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
