{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2093979668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0953-5438(03)00036-5","title":"Improving web search on small screen devices","display_name":"Improving web search on small screen devices","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2093979668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0953-5438(03)00036-5","mag":"2093979668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0953-5438(03)00036-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0953-5438(03)00036-5","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/iwc/article-pdf/15/4/479/1905674/iwc15-0479.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23117883","display_name":"Interacting with Computers","issn_l":"0953-5438","issn":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interacting with Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/iwc/article-pdf/15/4/479/1905674/iwc15-0479.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101746140","display_name":"Matt Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7657-7373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52179390","display_name":"University of Waikato","ror":"https://ror.org/013fsnh78","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, Waikato, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, Waikato, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024942135","display_name":"George Buchanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9044-6644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167018","display_name":"Interaction Design (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03qfyes53","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60488453","display_name":"Middlesex University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rv4p989","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Buchanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interaction Design Centre Middlesex University, London, UK","Interaction Design Centre Middlesex University London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interaction Design Centre Middlesex University, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167018","https://openalex.org/I60488453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interaction Design Centre Middlesex University London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000705557","display_name":"Harold Thimbleby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2222-4243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801237587","display_name":"London Centre for Nanotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ptp8872","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801237587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harold Thimbleby","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London Interaction Centre (UCLIC), 26 Bedford Way, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London Interaction Centre (UCLIC), 26 Bedford Way, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801237587","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2635,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3232},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7449,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9717264,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"479","last_page":"495"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8082529306411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.754127025604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.6171814203262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5842385292053223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.5665057301521301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/display-size","display_name":"Display size","score":0.5181064009666443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-phone","display_name":"Mobile phone","score":0.5062462687492371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-web","display_name":"Mobile Web","score":0.49781107902526855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4682427644729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.45170724391937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.4404554069042206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.436991810798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.43506523966789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.43502843379974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-technology","display_name":"Mobile technology","score":0.25908517837524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/display-device","display_name":"Display device","score":0.11005514860153198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08516010642051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07223749160766602}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8082529306411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.754127025604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.6171814203262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5842385292053223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5665057301521301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170003942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861066","display_name":"Display size","level":3,"score":0.5181064009666443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777421447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Mobile phone","level":2,"score":0.5062462687492371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516764902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1043805","display_name":"Mobile Web","level":4,"score":0.49781107902526855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4682427644729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.45170724391937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.4404554069042206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.436991810798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.43506523966789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.43502843379974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60952562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887246","display_name":"Mobile technology","level":3,"score":0.25908517837524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164597639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327065","display_name":"Display device","level":2,"score":0.11005514860153198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08516010642051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07223749160766602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0953-5438(03)00036-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0953-5438(03)00036-5","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/iwc/article-pdf/15/4/479/1905674/iwc15-0479.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23117883","display_name":"Interacting with Computers","issn_l":"0953-5438","issn":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interacting with Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.150.1745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.150.1745","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.swan.ac.uk/~csharold/cv/files/improving.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cronfa.swan.ac.uk:cronfa28195","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa28195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401612","display_name":"Cronfa (Swansea University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","host_organization_name":"Swansea University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:23327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/23327/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Interacting with Computers , 15 (4) pp. 479-495. (2003)","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0953-5438(03)00036-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0953-5438(03)00036-5","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/iwc/article-pdf/15/4/479/1905674/iwc15-0479.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23117883","display_name":"Interacting with Computers","issn_l":"0953-5438","issn":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interacting with Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309327","display_name":"Google","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311746","display_name":"University of Waikato","ror":"https://ror.org/013fsnh78"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2093979668.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2093979668.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506619236","https://openalex.org/W1564235551","https://openalex.org/W1605482874","https://openalex.org/W1660390307","https://openalex.org/W1826620273","https://openalex.org/W1970990216","https://openalex.org/W1988962893","https://openalex.org/W2013073142","https://openalex.org/W2026642282","https://openalex.org/W2052650845","https://openalex.org/W2076129550","https://openalex.org/W2082884138","https://openalex.org/W2084036689","https://openalex.org/W2089562763","https://openalex.org/W2102337314","https://openalex.org/W2154701989","https://openalex.org/W2154724067","https://openalex.org/W2167982713","https://openalex.org/W2169337167","https://openalex.org/W2169469163","https://openalex.org/W2338710621","https://openalex.org/W6636198230","https://openalex.org/W6669426921","https://openalex.org/W6671131226","https://openalex.org/W6683241652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109050268","https://openalex.org/W3108765796","https://openalex.org/W1559621711","https://openalex.org/W2095926071","https://openalex.org/W2048453248","https://openalex.org/W2994299074","https://openalex.org/W2462123439","https://openalex.org/W2097594447","https://openalex.org/W2106553250","https://openalex.org/W2339487713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Small":[0],"handheld":[1,79],"devices\u2014mobile":[2],"phones,":[3],"Pocket":[4],"PCs":[5],"etc.\u2014are":[6],"increasingly":[7],"being":[8],"used":[9,19],"to":[10,35,53,67,71,85],"access":[11],"the":[12,17,40,50,86,113,126],"web.":[13],"Search":[14,30],"engines":[15],"are":[16,23,57],"most":[18],"web":[20],"services":[21,38,56],"and":[22,81,108,134,145],"an":[24],"important":[25],"factor":[26],"of":[27,49,128],"user":[28],"support.":[29],"engine":[31],"providers":[32],"have":[33],"begun":[34],"offer":[36],"their":[37],"on":[39],"small":[41,131],"screen.":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44,124],"presents":[45],"a":[46,76,99],"detailed":[47],"evaluation":[48],"how":[51],"easy":[52],"use":[54],"such":[55],"in":[58,97,130],"these":[59,139,152],"new":[60],"contexts.":[61],"An":[62],"experiment":[63],"was":[64],"carried":[65],"out":[66],"compare":[68],"users'":[69],"abilities":[70],"complete":[72],"search":[73,114],"tasks":[74],"using":[75,109],"mobile":[77],"phone-sized,":[78],"computer-sized":[80],"conventional,":[82],"desktop":[83],"interface":[84],"full":[87],"Google\u2122":[88],"index.":[89],"With":[90],"all":[91],"three":[92],"interfaces,":[93],"when":[94],"users":[95],"succeed":[96],"completing":[98],"task,":[100],"they":[101,117,120],"do":[102],"so":[103],"quickly":[104],"(within":[105],"2\u20133":[106],"min)":[107],"few":[110],"interactions":[111],"with":[112],"engine.":[115],"When":[116],"fail,":[118],"though,":[119],"fail":[121],"badly.":[122],"The":[123],"examines":[125],"causes":[127],"failures":[129],"screen":[132],"searching":[133],"proposes":[135],"guidelines":[136,153],"for":[137],"improving":[138],"interfaces.":[140],"In":[141],"addition,":[142],"we":[143],"present":[144],"discuss":[146],"novel":[147],"interaction":[148],"schemes":[149],"that":[150],"put":[151],"into":[154],"practice.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
