{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999141903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-7051(99)00018-0","title":"Knowledge modelling for a generic refinement framework","display_name":"Knowledge modelling for a generic refinement framework","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999141903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-7051(99)00018-0","mag":"1999141903"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0950-7051(99)00018-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-7051(99)00018-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10169007","display_name":"Knowledge-Based Systems","issn_l":"0950-7051","issn":["0950-7051","1872-7409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Knowledge-Based Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/file/247609/1/BOSWELL%201999%20Knowledge%20modelling%20for%20a%20generic","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051427342","display_name":"Robin Boswell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","display_name":"Robert Gordon University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0qj703","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R Boswell","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, St Andrew Street, Aberdeen AB25 1HG, UK","School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, St Andrew Street, Aberdeen AB25 1HG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014543589","display_name":"Susan Craw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1870-0323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","display_name":"Robert Gordon University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0qj703","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Craw","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, St Andrew Street, Aberdeen AB25 1HG, UK","School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, St Andrew Street, Aberdeen AB25 1HG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051427342"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"],"apc_list":{"value":3130,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3130},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5983,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90195356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"5-6","first_page":"317","last_page":"325"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13681","display_name":"Engineering and Information Technology","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8297470808029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.7498155236244202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.7310628890991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.6243168115615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5794331431388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.49653440713882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","score":0.4835478961467743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-based-systems","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","score":0.45491811633110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.4133206009864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-acquisition","display_name":"Knowledge acquisition","score":0.4113542437553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38838353753089905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.21034321188926697}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8297470808029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.7498155236244202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.7310628890991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.6243168115615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5794331431388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.49653440713882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4835478961467743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115925183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","level":2,"score":0.45491811633110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.4133206009864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777220311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423340","display_name":"Knowledge acquisition","level":2,"score":0.4113542437553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38838353753089905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.21034321188926697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0950-7051(99)00018-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-7051(99)00018-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10169007","display_name":"Knowledge-Based Systems","issn_l":"0950-7051","issn":["0950-7051","1872-7409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Knowledge-Based Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:rgu-repository.worktribe.com:247609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/file/247609/1/BOSWELL%201999%20Knowledge%20modelling%20for%20a%20generic","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400814","display_name":"Open Access Institutional Repository at Robert Gordon University (Robert Gordon University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","host_organization_name":"Robert Gordon University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.100.9153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.100.9153","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.comp.rgu.ac.uk/staff/smc/papers/es98.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.53.8722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.53.8722","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ics.uci.edu/~pazzani/kbs99-es98.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openair.rgu.ac.uk:10059/58","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10059/58","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400814","display_name":"Open Access Institutional Repository at Robert Gordon University (Robert Gordon University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","host_organization_name":"Robert Gordon University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:rgu-repository.worktribe.com:247609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/file/247609/1/BOSWELL%201999%20Knowledge%20modelling%20for%20a%20generic","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400814","display_name":"Open Access Institutional Repository at Robert Gordon University (Robert Gordon University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","host_organization_name":"Robert Gordon University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79144062","https://openalex.org/W1494528854","https://openalex.org/W1568285589","https://openalex.org/W1586538145","https://openalex.org/W1596324102","https://openalex.org/W1621412241","https://openalex.org/W2009623327","https://openalex.org/W2098031089","https://openalex.org/W2113486804","https://openalex.org/W2136815943","https://openalex.org/W2152590594","https://openalex.org/W2162152259","https://openalex.org/W2165520550","https://openalex.org/W2571083108","https://openalex.org/W4243550141","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6652833479"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2359218533","https://openalex.org/W2168903966","https://openalex.org/W2005785555","https://openalex.org/W2030203886","https://openalex.org/W182930519","https://openalex.org/W2752593466","https://openalex.org/W2126191795","https://openalex.org/W2028176518","https://openalex.org/W2002337543","https://openalex.org/W2022616024"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
