{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2094196071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-5849(00)00094-x","title":"A framework and test-suite for assessing approaches to resolving heterogeneity in distributed databases","display_name":"A framework and test-suite for assessing approaches to resolving heterogeneity in distributed databases","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2094196071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-5849(00)00094-x","mag":"2094196071"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0950-5849(00)00094-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-5849(00)00094-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205010575","display_name":"Information and Software Technology","issn_l":"0950-5849","issn":["0950-5849","1873-6025"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information and Software Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027916076","display_name":"Hazem El-Khatib","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.T El-Khatib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot\u2013Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK","Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot\u2013Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106083488","display_name":"M. Howard Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1986-0882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M.H Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot\u2013Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK","Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot\u2013Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016983290","display_name":"Lachlan MacKinnon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8888-4992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L.M MacKinnon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot\u2013Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK","Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot\u2013Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067470615","display_name":"David Marwick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.H Marwick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot\u2013Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK","Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot\u2013Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106083488"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8683,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81080569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"7","first_page":"505","last_page":"515"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generality","display_name":"Generality","score":0.784561276435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7346781492233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.7259369492530823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5169660449028015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.4921938478946686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.45445963740348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-suite","display_name":"Test suite","score":0.4422118663787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.26170778274536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2016185224056244}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780767217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421","display_name":"Generality","level":2,"score":0.784561276435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7346781492233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.7259369492530823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5169660449028015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.4921938478946686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.45445963740348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151552104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705809","display_name":"Test suite","level":4,"score":0.4422118663787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.26170778274536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2016185224056244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0950-5849(00)00094-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-5849(00)00094-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205010575","display_name":"Information and Software Technology","issn_l":"0950-5849","issn":["0950-5849","1873-6025"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information and Software Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20908414","https://openalex.org/W93778031","https://openalex.org/W174628062","https://openalex.org/W181537133","https://openalex.org/W1513756412","https://openalex.org/W1527689538","https://openalex.org/W1562085135","https://openalex.org/W1567150681","https://openalex.org/W1579151799","https://openalex.org/W1579617599","https://openalex.org/W1590501153","https://openalex.org/W1598533681","https://openalex.org/W1679095708","https://openalex.org/W1716873180","https://openalex.org/W1925517953","https://openalex.org/W1970587873","https://openalex.org/W1975667085","https://openalex.org/W1987727293","https://openalex.org/W1997083625","https://openalex.org/W2005649826","https://openalex.org/W2011452918","https://openalex.org/W2013893528","https://openalex.org/W2015656470","https://openalex.org/W2015914309","https://openalex.org/W2016758618","https://openalex.org/W2019619554","https://openalex.org/W2020733609","https://openalex.org/W2034583900","https://openalex.org/W2036289425","https://openalex.org/W2040733960","https://openalex.org/W2061289312","https://openalex.org/W2066484065","https://openalex.org/W2076898857","https://openalex.org/W2077285207","https://openalex.org/W2082932576","https://openalex.org/W2084302451","https://openalex.org/W2089524892","https://openalex.org/W2089634871","https://openalex.org/W2103848686","https://openalex.org/W2122347840","https://openalex.org/W2126488419","https://openalex.org/W2132610455","https://openalex.org/W2165400143","https://openalex.org/W2171638077","https://openalex.org/W2293540547","https://openalex.org/W2293671697","https://openalex.org/W3046043279","https://openalex.org/W3142858952","https://openalex.org/W6600858771","https://openalex.org/W6607046486","https://openalex.org/W6634803452","https://openalex.org/W6635094012","https://openalex.org/W6637760847","https://openalex.org/W6640003846","https://openalex.org/W6675434565","https://openalex.org/W6678671460","https://openalex.org/W6826004707"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045049461","https://openalex.org/W4381094582","https://openalex.org/W1978893398","https://openalex.org/W1977906818","https://openalex.org/W2369625323","https://openalex.org/W2364579609","https://openalex.org/W1522139108","https://openalex.org/W2353528968","https://openalex.org/W1485837041","https://openalex.org/W3204955359"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}