{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2059638332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-2312(00)00232-0","title":"Behavioral considerations suggest an average reward TD model of the dopamine system","display_name":"Behavioral considerations suggest an average reward TD model of the dopamine system","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2059638332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-2312(00)00232-0","mag":"2059638332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0925-2312(00)00232-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-2312(00)00232-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45693802","display_name":"Neurocomputing","issn_l":"0925-2312","issn":["0925-2312","1872-8286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurocomputing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029249257","display_name":"Nathaniel D. Daw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5029-1430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086114","display_name":"Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition","ror":"https://ror.org/00jfeg660","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210086114","https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nathaniel D. Daw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department & Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department & Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086114","https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016007570","display_name":"David S. Touretzky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9388-4970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086114","display_name":"Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition","ror":"https://ror.org/00jfeg660","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210086114","https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David S. Touretzky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department & Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department & Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086114","https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029249257"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086114","https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":{"value":2470,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2470},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9746,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74753428,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"32-33","issue":null,"first_page":"679","last_page":"684"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11178","display_name":"Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11178","display_name":"Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-difference-learning","display_name":"Temporal difference learning","score":0.7580626010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primate","display_name":"Primate","score":0.5413087010383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reward-system","display_name":"Reward system","score":0.5410894155502319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.5129196643829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopamine","display_name":"Dopamine","score":0.5012023448944092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/midbrain","display_name":"Midbrain","score":0.4886613190174103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurophysiology","display_name":"Neurophysiology","score":0.44290804862976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.42232733964920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4005725681781769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.35543879866600037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35053038597106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3453044891357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.313479483127594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23247313499450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.21639257669448853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196340769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698910","display_name":"Temporal difference learning","level":3,"score":0.7580626010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780509455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7380","display_name":"Primate","level":2,"score":0.5413087010383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143661069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670713","display_name":"Reward system","level":2,"score":0.5410894155502319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.5129196643829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.5012023448944092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552161191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185080","display_name":"Midbrain","level":3,"score":0.4886613190174103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152478114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660910","display_name":"Neurophysiology","level":2,"score":0.44290804862976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42232733964920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4005725681781769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.35543879866600037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35053038597106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3453044891357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.313479483127594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23247313499450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.21639257669448853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0925-2312(00)00232-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-2312(00)00232-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45693802","display_name":"Neurocomputing","issn_l":"0925-2312","issn":["0925-2312","1872-8286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurocomputing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125252782","https://openalex.org/W1495115886","https://openalex.org/W1500967185","https://openalex.org/W1601553256","https://openalex.org/W1607052939","https://openalex.org/W1652173018","https://openalex.org/W1847236181","https://openalex.org/W1976752053","https://openalex.org/W1984080712","https://openalex.org/W2046889372","https://openalex.org/W2092726287","https://openalex.org/W2100677568","https://openalex.org/W2103198983","https://openalex.org/W2109059823","https://openalex.org/W2117726420","https://openalex.org/W2155910333","https://openalex.org/W2173945562","https://openalex.org/W3041202696","https://openalex.org/W6603932791","https://openalex.org/W6605029787","https://openalex.org/W6635916042","https://openalex.org/W6675418422","https://openalex.org/W6683016269"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387759552","https://openalex.org/W4245137176","https://openalex.org/W2041730952","https://openalex.org/W1539424472","https://openalex.org/W1970621584","https://openalex.org/W4386804722","https://openalex.org/W2050610097","https://openalex.org/W2915014248","https://openalex.org/W144081543","https://openalex.org/W4320897589"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
