{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012592267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0893-6080(99)00046-5","title":"What are the computations of the cerebellum, the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex?","display_name":"What are the computations of the cerebellum, the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex?","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012592267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0893-6080(99)00046-5","mag":"2012592267","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12662639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0893-6080(99)00046-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0893-6080(99)00046-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004840638","display_name":"Kenji Doya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2446-6820"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. Doya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kawato Dynamic Brain Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, 2-2 Hikaridai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto, Japan","Kawato Dynamic Brain Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, 2-2 Hikaridai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kawato Dynamic Brain Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, 2-2 Hikaridai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kawato Dynamic Brain Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, 2-2 Hikaridai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004840638"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.6794,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":754,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98339837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"7-8","first_page":"961","last_page":"974"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10542","display_name":"Vestibular and auditory disorders","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action-selection","display_name":"Action selection","score":0.7372674942016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-ganglia","display_name":"Basal ganglia","score":0.7129349112510681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.63764488697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5963686108589172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5558187961578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.5308051109313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebellum","display_name":"Cerebellum","score":0.5000975131988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4911024570465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-learning","display_name":"Motor learning","score":0.4403451681137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebellar-cortex","display_name":"Cerebellar cortex","score":0.4254823625087738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.4157920777797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2881540060043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system","display_name":"Central nervous system","score":0.11928296089172363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.08873635530471802}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166109690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677422","display_name":"Action selection","level":3,"score":0.7372674942016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778187257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464210","display_name":"Basal ganglia","level":3,"score":0.7129349112510681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.63764488697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5963686108589172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5558187961578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5308051109313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779652256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130983","display_name":"Cerebellum","level":2,"score":0.5000975131988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4911024570465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107690735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852461","display_name":"Motor learning","level":2,"score":0.4403451681137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992333117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130983","display_name":"Cerebellar cortex","level":3,"score":0.4254823625087738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.4157920777797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2881540060043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.11928296089172363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.08873635530471802}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0893-6080(99)00046-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0893-6080(99)00046-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12662639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12662639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":134,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65738273","https://openalex.org/W125252782","https://openalex.org/W143324445","https://openalex.org/W562721745","https://openalex.org/W1038800568","https://openalex.org/W1491139858","https://openalex.org/W1492221128","https://openalex.org/W1507430533","https://openalex.org/W1536929369","https://openalex.org/W1543834340","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1576452626","https://openalex.org/W1607052939","https://openalex.org/W1635674943","https://openalex.org/W1642699591","https://openalex.org/W1652173018","https://openalex.org/W1793175812","https://openalex.org/W1910465072","https://openalex.org/W1938385190","https://openalex.org/W1964625716","https://openalex.org/W1969271919","https://openalex.org/W1969469807","https://openalex.org/W1971503708","https://openalex.org/W1977208975","https://openalex.org/W1978208912","https://openalex.org/W1978697238","https://openalex.org/W1979480286","https://openalex.org/W1980046851","https://openalex.org/W1980695639","https://openalex.org/W1981297107","https://openalex.org/W1981725931","https://openalex.org/W1993202958","https://openalex.org/W1999542175","https://openalex.org/W2005722557","https://openalex.org/W2008625057","https://openalex.org/W2009927339","https://openalex.org/W2013150964","https://openalex.org/W2018739299","https://openalex.org/W2022113456","https://openalex.org/W2025357764","https://openalex.org/W2028197169","https://openalex.org/W2031170958","https://openalex.org/W2032512623","https://openalex.org/W2035322026","https://openalex.org/W2036054630","https://openalex.org/W2037407575","https://openalex.org/W2043313965","https://openalex.org/W2047539544","https://openalex.org/W2050271480","https://openalex.org/W2053078208","https://openalex.org/W2057594895","https://openalex.org/W2060054159","https://openalex.org/W2064566192","https://openalex.org/W2072802414","https://openalex.org/W2076660877","https://openalex.org/W2076845962","https://openalex.org/W2076897193","https://openalex.org/W2077817595","https://openalex.org/W2078955281","https://openalex.org/W2081206287","https://openalex.org/W2082660315","https://openalex.org/W2084292980","https://openalex.org/W2087674946","https://openalex.org/W2090765114","https://openalex.org/W2091565802","https://openalex.org/W2092430865","https://openalex.org/W2093942907","https://openalex.org/W2097861969","https://openalex.org/W2100644648","https://openalex.org/W2101926813","https://openalex.org/W2103019454","https://openalex.org/W2103617625","https://openalex.org/W2105209710","https://openalex.org/W2105848810","https://openalex.org/W2109059823","https://openalex.org/W2109245224","https://openalex.org/W2113501460","https://openalex.org/W2113653296","https://openalex.org/W2116899198","https://openalex.org/W2117726420","https://openalex.org/W2123179212","https://openalex.org/W2131329059","https://openalex.org/W2132494021","https://openalex.org/W2132872811","https://openalex.org/W2136267239","https://openalex.org/W2137234026","https://openalex.org/W2138484437","https://openalex.org/W2138956231","https://openalex.org/W2145045083","https://openalex.org/W2145889472","https://openalex.org/W2146258231","https://openalex.org/W2146264527","https://openalex.org/W2147502381","https://openalex.org/W2147898864","https://openalex.org/W2149321651","https://openalex.org/W2153562927","https://openalex.org/W2155051950","https://openalex.org/W2155716880","https://openalex.org/W2160017783","https://openalex.org/W2165426881","https://openalex.org/W2165746994","https://openalex.org/W2171136974","https://openalex.org/W2171361802","https://openalex.org/W2211376995","https://openalex.org/W2219528871","https://openalex.org/W2266004078","https://openalex.org/W2296857295","https://openalex.org/W2323839040","https://openalex.org/W2397253692","https://openalex.org/W2554015376","https://openalex.org/W2559399192","https://openalex.org/W2887242076","https://openalex.org/W2911283634","https://openalex.org/W2911423155","https://openalex.org/W2914656440","https://openalex.org/W3022351671","https://openalex.org/W4205326910","https://openalex.org/W4213346165","https://openalex.org/W4239501172","https://openalex.org/W4239997587","https://openalex.org/W4390708689","https://openalex.org/W6605029787","https://openalex.org/W6615839424","https://openalex.org/W6674885835","https://openalex.org/W6677383575","https://openalex.org/W6678361405","https://openalex.org/W6681714838","https://openalex.org/W6682813660","https://openalex.org/W6685537618","https://openalex.org/W6697546756","https://openalex.org/W6730253272","https://openalex.org/W6813789282","https://openalex.org/W6820642102","https://openalex.org/W6824411188"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105892294","https://openalex.org/W4210600426","https://openalex.org/W2055627408","https://openalex.org/W2888570661","https://openalex.org/W2897576008","https://openalex.org/W2307832784","https://openalex.org/W2417473972","https://openalex.org/W2613350826","https://openalex.org/W2072802414","https://openalex.org/W2096456461"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":37}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}