{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996848818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0893-6080(03)00132-1","title":"Multimedia authenticity protection with ICA watermarking and digital bacteria vaccination","display_name":"Multimedia authenticity protection with ICA watermarking and digital bacteria vaccination","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996848818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0893-6080(03)00132-1","mag":"1996848818","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12850050"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0893-6080(03)00132-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0893-6080(03)00132-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091644560","display_name":"Harold Szu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175003984","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harold Szu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of Naval Research, 800 N. Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217-5660, USA","Office of Naval Research, 800 N. Quincy St, Arlington, VA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of Naval Research, 800 N. Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217-5660, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175003984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of Naval Research, 800 N. Quincy St, Arlington, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175003984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050515149","display_name":"Steven Noel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-0702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Noel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Secure Information Systems, George Mason University, VA 22030-4444, USA","Center for Secure Information Systems, George Mason University, VA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Secure Information Systems, George Mason University, VA 22030-4444, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Secure Information Systems, George Mason University, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086038992","display_name":"Seong-Bin Yim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong-Bin Yim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Media RF Lab, ECE Department, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA","Digital Media RF Lab, ECE Department, The George Washington University, Washington, DC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Media RF Lab, ECE Department, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Media RF Lab, ECE Department, The George Washington University, Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110160026","display_name":"Jeff Willey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Willey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Code 5344, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5336, USA","Code 5344, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Code 5344, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5336, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Code 5344, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113553948","display_name":"Joe Landa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280581677","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280581677","https://openalex.org/I1296703163","https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joe Landa","raw_affiliation_strings":["BriarTek, Inc., 112 E. Del Ray Ave., Suite A, Alexandria, VA 22301, USA","BriarTek, Inc., 112 E. Del Ray Ave., Suite A, Alexandria, VA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BriarTek, Inc., 112 E. Del Ray Ave., Suite A, Alexandria, VA 22301, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280581677"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BriarTek, Inc., 112 E. Del Ray Ave., Suite A, Alexandria, VA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280581677"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091644560"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175003984"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4318,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89239111,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5-6","first_page":"907","last_page":"914"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.8760699033737183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.8734825849533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7799341678619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6497238278388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.6059101819992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.537016749382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.5225224494934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.46384504437446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.4306561052799225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2841740846633911}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.8760699033737183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.8734825849533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7799341678619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6497238278388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.6059101819992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.537016749382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.5225224494934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.46384504437446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.4306561052799225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2841740846633911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019212","descriptor_name":"Multimedia","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019212","descriptor_name":"Multimedia","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019212","descriptor_name":"Multimedia","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019212","descriptor_name":"Multimedia","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019212","descriptor_name":"Multimedia","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019212","descriptor_name":"Multimedia","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0893-6080(03)00132-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0893-6080(03)00132-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12850050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12850050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491220419","https://openalex.org/W1579980382","https://openalex.org/W1582350176","https://openalex.org/W1962679864","https://openalex.org/W1971027050","https://openalex.org/W1984882036","https://openalex.org/W2019042321","https://openalex.org/W2019360601","https://openalex.org/W2031654571","https://openalex.org/W2031689657","https://openalex.org/W2065064752","https://openalex.org/W2099741732","https://openalex.org/W2106069707","https://openalex.org/W2108384452","https://openalex.org/W2131182617","https://openalex.org/W2133069808","https://openalex.org/W2161322349","https://openalex.org/W2161647295","https://openalex.org/W2170057365","https://openalex.org/W2409664136","https://openalex.org/W6634590192","https://openalex.org/W6641270745","https://openalex.org/W6666648121","https://openalex.org/W6679286534","https://openalex.org/W6679756777","https://openalex.org/W7019966724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288","https://openalex.org/W2183032046"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}