{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123649031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0893-6080(00)00026-5","title":"Independent component analysis: algorithms and applications","display_name":"Independent component analysis: algorithms and applications","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123649031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0893-6080(00)00026-5","mag":"2123649031","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10946390"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0893-6080(00)00026-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0893-6080(00)00026-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061498233","display_name":"Aapo Hyv\u00e4rinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5806-4432"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Hyv\u00e4rinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neural Networks Research Centre, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland. aapo.hyvarinen@hut.fi","Neural Networks Res. Centre, Helsinki Univ. of Technol., Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neural Networks Research Centre, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland. aapo.hyvarinen@hut.fi","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neural Networks Res. Centre, Helsinki Univ. of Technol., Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085424325","display_name":"Erkki Oja","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E. Oja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neural Networks Research Centre, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-02015 HUT, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neural Networks Research Centre, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-02015 HUT, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085424325"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":59.2588,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8790,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4-5","first_page":"411","last_page":"430"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-component-analysis","display_name":"Independent component analysis","score":0.865700900554657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.6969528198242188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6658840775489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6421828866004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5676870942115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5072488188743591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48121026158332825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.47420790791511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46034032106399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.45744818449020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blind-signal-separation","display_name":"Blind signal separation","score":0.448383092880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component-analysis","display_name":"Component analysis","score":0.43975135684013367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.41548794507980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection-pursuit","display_name":"Projection pursuit","score":0.4130042791366577}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51432778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145","display_name":"Independent component analysis","level":2,"score":0.865700900554657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6969528198242188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6658840775489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6421828866004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5676870942115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5072488188743591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48121026158332825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.47420790791511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46034032106399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.45744818449020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120317606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105967","display_name":"Blind signal separation","level":3,"score":0.448383092880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780692498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16950721","display_name":"Component analysis","level":2,"score":0.43975135684013367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.41548794507980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118038509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382970","display_name":"Projection pursuit","level":2,"score":0.4130042791366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015225","descriptor_name":"Magnetoencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015225","descriptor_name":"Magnetoencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015225","descriptor_name":"Magnetoencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016477","descriptor_name":"Artifacts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016477","descriptor_name":"Artifacts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016477","descriptor_name":"Artifacts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0893-6080(00)00026-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0893-6080(00)00026-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10946390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10946390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.322.679","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.322.679","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cse.msu.edu/~cse902/S03/icasurvey.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.79.7003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.79.7003","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/ahyvarin/papers/NN00new.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3819878","https://openalex.org/W130787939","https://openalex.org/W153519981","https://openalex.org/W191129667","https://openalex.org/W1491770470","https://openalex.org/W1534416612","https://openalex.org/W1548802052","https://openalex.org/W1663608671","https://openalex.org/W1667165204","https://openalex.org/W1964724001","https://openalex.org/W1972322883","https://openalex.org/W1977067929","https://openalex.org/W1996355918","https://openalex.org/W2019502123","https://openalex.org/W2029137712","https://openalex.org/W2044442377","https://openalex.org/W2050616618","https://openalex.org/W2082195896","https://openalex.org/W2082612735","https://openalex.org/W2092424368","https://openalex.org/W2094166220","https://openalex.org/W2096789154","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2099741732","https://openalex.org/W2105909330","https://openalex.org/W2108384452","https://openalex.org/W2112575974","https://openalex.org/W2125941613","https://openalex.org/W2126683262","https://openalex.org/W2132984323","https://openalex.org/W2133069808","https://openalex.org/W2137234026","https://openalex.org/W2139896607","https://openalex.org/W2141224535","https://openalex.org/W2141622014","https://openalex.org/W2143132653","https://openalex.org/W2143421693","https://openalex.org/W2145889472","https://openalex.org/W2147618476","https://openalex.org/W2157765880","https://openalex.org/W2168287525","https://openalex.org/W2299279932","https://openalex.org/W2498840900","https://openalex.org/W2790707159","https://openalex.org/W2795528501","https://openalex.org/W2797816625","https://openalex.org/W3121343760","https://openalex.org/W4231370560","https://openalex.org/W4238957295","https://openalex.org/W4249925659","https://openalex.org/W4253964759","https://openalex.org/W4301253858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2889217016","https://openalex.org/W2142308737","https://openalex.org/W2240887954","https://openalex.org/W2385107946","https://openalex.org/W1974715691","https://openalex.org/W2607378359","https://openalex.org/W2225616538","https://openalex.org/W323530999","https://openalex.org/W2108710270","https://openalex.org/W2141077886"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":154},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":443},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":432},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":441},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":445},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":539},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":553},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":509},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":452},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":434},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":395},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":436},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":489},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":442},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":392}],"updated_date":"2026-07-07T14:30:12.667765","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}